Tesi etd-11272025-093338 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale LM5
Autore
MELANI, MARTA
URN
etd-11272025-093338
Titolo
Valutazione ecografica delle alterazioni gastroenteriche morfo-funzionali in cani affetti da insufficienza renale acuta
Dipartimento
SCIENZE VETERINARIE
Corso di studi
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Relatori
relatore Citi, Simonetta
Parole chiave
- AKI
- AKI
- apparato gastroenterico
- Danno renale acuto
- ecografia. Acute kidney injury
- gastrointestinal system
- ultrasound
Data inizio appello
19/12/2025
Consultabilità
Completa
Riassunto
L’insufficienza renale acuta (AKI) nel cane è frequentemente associata a complicanze sistemiche, in particolare a carico dell’apparato gastroenterico. Scopo di questo studio è stato valutare le principali alterazioni ecografiche gastroenteriche in cani affetti da AKI/ACKD. Sono stati inclusi soggetti di razza, età e sesso differenti, sottoposti a valutazione ecografica addominale completa in modalità B-mode, con particolare attenzione a stomaco, intestino tenue e colon, oltre che agli organi parenchimatosi associati. In un sottogruppo di pazienti è stata inoltre valutata la motilità gastroenterica mediante acquisizione di video di un minuto per ciascun segmento. La forma più rappresentata è risultata l’AKI di IV grado. I pazienti presentavano come sintomi prevalenti anoressia e vomito. Il tratto maggiormente coinvolto è risultato il tratto gastroenterico, seguito da fegato e colecisti e pancreas. Le principali alterazioni ecografiche osservate comprendevano ispessimento parietale di stomaco, intestino tenue e colon, prominenza e iperemia della sottomucosa del piccolo intestino e presenza di banda iperecogena mucosale gastrica. Il fegato presentava prevalentemente caratteristiche ecografiche nella norma, in alcuni casi è stato rilevato un aumento dell’ecogenicità, mentre la colecisti mostrava frequentemente fango biliare; il pancreas risultava nella maggior parte dei casi nella norma. La peristalsi di stomaco, duodeno e digiuno risultava spesso assente nel minuto di osservazione, con contenuto prevalentemente fluido. Lo studio conferma una stretta associazione tra AKI e alterazioni ecografiche dell’apparato gastroenterico nel cane e sottolinea l’importanza dell’ecografia come strumento diagnostico di supporto nella valutazione clinica di questi pazienti.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in dogs is frequently associated with systemic complications, particularly involving the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main ultrasonographic gastrointestinal alterations in dogs affected by AKI or AKI associated with chronic kidney disease (AKI/CKD).
Dogs of different breeds, ages and sexes were included and underwent complete abdominal ultrasonographic examination in B-mode, with particular focus on the stomach, small intestine and colon, as well as associated parenchymal organs. In a subgroup of patients, gastrointestinal motility was also assessed through one-minute video recordings for each segment.
The most frequently observed condition was stage IV AKI. The most common clinical signs were anorexia and vomiting. The gastrointestinal tract was the most commonly affected system, followed by liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The main ultrasonographic findings included wall thickening of the stomach, small intestine and colon, prominence and hyperemia of the small intestinal submucosa and the presence of a hyperechoic mucosal band in the stomach. The liver showed mostly normal ultrasound features, in some cases an increase in echogenicity was detected, whereas biliary sludge was frequently observed in the gallbladder; the pancreas was predominantly within normal limits. Gastric, duodenal and jejunal peristalsis was often absent during the one-minute observation period, with predominantly fluid content.
This study confirms a significant association between AKI and gastrointestinal ultrasonographic alterations in dogs and highlights the value of ultrasonography as a supportive diagnostic tool in the clinical assessment of these patients.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in dogs is frequently associated with systemic complications, particularly involving the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main ultrasonographic gastrointestinal alterations in dogs affected by AKI or AKI associated with chronic kidney disease (AKI/CKD).
Dogs of different breeds, ages and sexes were included and underwent complete abdominal ultrasonographic examination in B-mode, with particular focus on the stomach, small intestine and colon, as well as associated parenchymal organs. In a subgroup of patients, gastrointestinal motility was also assessed through one-minute video recordings for each segment.
The most frequently observed condition was stage IV AKI. The most common clinical signs were anorexia and vomiting. The gastrointestinal tract was the most commonly affected system, followed by liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The main ultrasonographic findings included wall thickening of the stomach, small intestine and colon, prominence and hyperemia of the small intestinal submucosa and the presence of a hyperechoic mucosal band in the stomach. The liver showed mostly normal ultrasound features, in some cases an increase in echogenicity was detected, whereas biliary sludge was frequently observed in the gallbladder; the pancreas was predominantly within normal limits. Gastric, duodenal and jejunal peristalsis was often absent during the one-minute observation period, with predominantly fluid content.
This study confirms a significant association between AKI and gastrointestinal ultrasonographic alterations in dogs and highlights the value of ultrasonography as a supportive diagnostic tool in the clinical assessment of these patients.
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