Tesi etd-10252025-153502 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
MARTECCHINI, ROSA
URN
etd-10252025-153502
Titolo
Valutazione della qualità del latte ovino in relazione al benessere animale
Dipartimento
SCIENZE VETERINARIE
Corso di studi
SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLE PRODUZIONI ANIMALI
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Martini, Mina
correlatore Dott.ssa Galli, Tiziana
correlatore Dott.ssa Galli, Tiziana
Parole chiave
- acidi grassi
- animal welfare
- benessere animale
- ewe's milk quality
- fatty acids
- isoprostanes
- isoprostani
- qualità del latte ovino
Data inizio appello
14/11/2025
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
14/11/2028
Riassunto
L’allevamento ovino tradizionalmente diffuso nella zona dell’Italia centrale è caratterizzato dalla gestione al pascolo di animali appartenenti a razze a diffusione locale o nazionale, come nel caso della pecora Sarda. In anni recenti è stata introdotta una nuova strategia di allevamento, incentrata sull’intensificazione delle produzioni e su capi di linee genealogiche straniere al fine di aumentare la quantità di latte disponibile alla vendita. Il consumatore, posto davanti alla possibilità di scegliere, sembra preferire l’acquisto di prodotti derivati dall’allevamento estensivo basato sul pascolo, associando ad esso una condizione migliore di benessere animale. Il presente studio mira ad analizzare possibili relazioni tra i livelli di welfare dell’allevamento ovino e i principali parametri qualitativi del latte. Sono stati analizzati campioni di latte provenienti da aziende del Lazio e della Toscana ad indirizzo produttivo lattiero-caseario. È stata valutata la qualità della materia prima, con approfondimenti sul profilo lipidico tramite lo studio degli acidi grassi. Ai principali componenti qualitativi è stata affiancata la ricerca e la quantificazione dell’isoprostano 15-F2-IsoP, un marcatore ematico di stress ossidativo. I dati così estrapolati sono stati correlati con i risultati dell’analisi del benessere animale eseguita secondo il protocollo ClassyFarm. Lo studio ha rivelato correlazioni negative significative tra i punteggi di benessere animale e la percentuale di grasso, residuo secco magro, proteine, caseine, lattosio e punto crioscopico. Sono state inoltre evidenziate correlazioni positive tra i risultati di valutazione di benessere e il quantitativo di isoprostano e di cellule somatiche. Per quanto concerne gli acidi grassi le medie catene hanno rilevato correlazioni negative con i parametri di benessere, mentre gli acidi polinsaturi, in particolar il gruppo degli 6, hanno mostrato correlazioni positive. Per quanto, dunque, ciascuno dei parametri di qualità del latte sia fortemente soggetto all’influenza di numerosi fattori, sembra che il benessere animale possa avere un ruolo nella loro espressione e che il suo studio in relazione alle componenti del latte possa fornire nuove e più approfondite conoscenze.
The traditional sheep breeding in Central Italy has been led by practices such as pasture rearing in extensive management systems. The livestock belonged mainly to local breeds, such as Sarda sheep, a typical Sardinian genotype. In recent years alongside with other livestock productions, the small ruminants’ sector has changed. Farmers are now choosing an intensive rearing system and new imported and more productive breeds, mostly for economic purposes. Nevertheless, customers seem to prefer milk and meat products from extensive farms and to base their judgement on ethical quality mostly. The here described work focuses on studying the alleged link between welfare conditions and quality traits in ewes’ milk. The analysis covered milk samples from farms located in Tuscany and Latium. Focus was put on characterizing the fatty acids profile and on the representation of 15-F2-Isoprostane, a blood marker for oxidative stress. The data was paired with the results of the ClassyFarm protocol for farm animal welfare and a correlation analysis was made. The research resulted in strong negative correlation evidence between welfare scores and values of fat, fat-less dry matter, proteins, caseins and lactose, as well as freezing point. Moreover, the study has shown impactful correlations between welfare levels and isoprostane and total somatic cells count quantities. The fatty acid species that has shown the most influence from animal wellbeing is the medium-chain group, but significant relevance is also demonstrated by the link between polyunsaturated fatty acids and the check-list results. Specifically, the 6-PUFA family showed a strong positive correlation with welfare levels, with a consequential impact on the 6:3 ratio. From the data here gathered animal welfare seems to have a role in shaping sheep milk quality’s main constituents and fatty acids composition. Further research on the matter might be crucial to understand the impact of emotional state alongside with rearing and management technique on sheep milk production.
The traditional sheep breeding in Central Italy has been led by practices such as pasture rearing in extensive management systems. The livestock belonged mainly to local breeds, such as Sarda sheep, a typical Sardinian genotype. In recent years alongside with other livestock productions, the small ruminants’ sector has changed. Farmers are now choosing an intensive rearing system and new imported and more productive breeds, mostly for economic purposes. Nevertheless, customers seem to prefer milk and meat products from extensive farms and to base their judgement on ethical quality mostly. The here described work focuses on studying the alleged link between welfare conditions and quality traits in ewes’ milk. The analysis covered milk samples from farms located in Tuscany and Latium. Focus was put on characterizing the fatty acids profile and on the representation of 15-F2-Isoprostane, a blood marker for oxidative stress. The data was paired with the results of the ClassyFarm protocol for farm animal welfare and a correlation analysis was made. The research resulted in strong negative correlation evidence between welfare scores and values of fat, fat-less dry matter, proteins, caseins and lactose, as well as freezing point. Moreover, the study has shown impactful correlations between welfare levels and isoprostane and total somatic cells count quantities. The fatty acid species that has shown the most influence from animal wellbeing is the medium-chain group, but significant relevance is also demonstrated by the link between polyunsaturated fatty acids and the check-list results. Specifically, the 6-PUFA family showed a strong positive correlation with welfare levels, with a consequential impact on the 6:3 ratio. From the data here gathered animal welfare seems to have a role in shaping sheep milk quality’s main constituents and fatty acids composition. Further research on the matter might be crucial to understand the impact of emotional state alongside with rearing and management technique on sheep milk production.
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