Tesi etd-09282024-003028 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
CONTESTABILE, MARTINA
URN
etd-09282024-003028
Titolo
Studio di meccanismi di resistenza a trattamenti con daunorubicina su una linea cellulare di carcinoma polmonare
Dipartimento
BIOLOGIA
Corso di studi
BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE E CELLULARE
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Moschini, Roberta
relatore Dott.ssa Sardelli, Gemma
relatore Dott.ssa Sardelli, Gemma
Parole chiave
- A549
- AKR1B10
- CBR1
- daunorubicin
- Daunorubicina
- DNB
- resistenza
Data inizio appello
14/10/2024
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
14/10/2027
Riassunto
Il tumore al polmone non a piccole cellule (NSCLC) è uno dei tumori più diagnosticati negli ultimi anni, risultando associato all’esposizione ad agenti cancerogeni come inquinanti e il fumo di sigaretta. In questo studio è stato utilizzato un modello di linea cellulare, le A549, cellule di adenocarcinoma polmonare umano che presentano caratteristiche comuni alle cellule alveolari di tipo II presenti nel tessuto polmonare. In particolare questa linea è stata utilizzata in letteratura come modello per lo studio in vitro dell’efficacia di chemioterapici come le antracicline doxorubicina (DOX) e daunorubicina (DNB). Una problematica importante associata a questi trattamenti chemioterapici è la possibilità che queste molecole all’interno delle cellule possano essere rapidamente metabolizzate attraverso enzimi ad attività ossidoreduttasica come la carbonil reduttasi (CBR1) o proteine appartenenti alla famiglia delle aldochetoreduttasi. Nello specifico la loro conversione negli alcol corrispondenti rende queste molecole, da un lato, meno tossiche per le cellule, diminuendone quindi l’efficienza terapeutica e trasformandole in prodotti di cui è riportato un effetto cardiotossico. Nel laboratorio in cui ho svolto l’internato di tesi sono state precedentemente caratterizzate come inibitori di attività ossidoreduttasiche, alcune molecole di sintesi denominate LAT3, LAT5 e LAT6, sintetizzate dal gruppo della Prof.ssa Rosaria Ottanà del Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Farmacologiche e Biologiche dell’università di Messina. Il lavoro che ho svolto durante il mio internato di tesi è stato quello di valutare la loro capacità di modulare l’attività della DNB in cellule in coltura. Nello specifico sono stati effettuati saggi di vitalità cellulare mediante test dell’MTT, valutando la risposta cellulare alla DNB in presenza di queste molecole al fine di evidenziare se l’inibizione di specifiche attività enzimatiche potesse contribuire ad incrementare la tossicità delle cellule all’azione della DNB. Una parte rilevante della tesi è stata la caratterizzazione di cellule A549 incubate in presenza di concentrazioni nanomolari di DNB, verificando l’effetto della molecola a lungo termine. Le cellule, una volta acquisita la resistenza, sono state analizzate a livello metabolico tramite misure di attività enzimatica attraverso saggi spettrofotometrici, analisi dell’espressione genica e proteica mediante rtPCR e Western blotting, valutazione del contenuto intracellulare di glutatione mediante elettroforesi capillare. Ciò è stato rilevante al fine di evidenziare una possibile modulazione di parametri cellulari indotta dal trattamento con il chemioterapico.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in recent years, often associated with exposure to carcinogens such as pollutants and cigarette smoke. In this study, we used a cell line model, A549, which are human lung adenocarcinoma cells that exhibit common characteristics with type II alveolar cells found in lung tissue. Specifically, this cell line has been used in the literature as an in vitro model for studying the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DNB). A significant issue associated with these chemotherapeutic treatments is the possibility that these molecules can be rapidly metabolized within the cells through enzymes with oxidoreductase activity such as carbonyl reductase (CBR1) or proteins belonging to the aldoketo reductase family. Specifically, their conversion to corresponding alcohols makes these molecules less toxic to cells, thereby reducing their therapeutic efficiency, and transforming them into products known to have cardiotoxic effects. In the laboratory where I conducted my thesis internship, some synthetic molecules named LAT3, LAT5, and LAT6, synthesized by Professor Rosaria Ottanà's group from the Department of Chemical, Pharmacological, and Biological Sciences at the University of Messina, were previously characterized as inhibitors of oxidoreductase activity. The work I conducted during my thesis internship involved evaluating their ability to modulate the activity of DNB in cultured cells. Specifically, cell viability assays were performed using the MTT test, assessing the cellular response to DNB in the presence of these molecules to determine whether the inhibition of specific enzymatic activities could contribute to increased cell toxicity to DNB. A significant part of the thesis was the characterization of A549 cells incubated in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of DNB, evaluating the long-term effect of the molecule. Once the cells acquired resistance, they were analyzed metabolically through enzymatic activity assays via spectrophotometric measurements, gene and protein expression analysis using rtPCR and Western blotting, and assessment of intracellular glutathione content using capillary electrophoresis. This was crucial to highlight a possible modulation of cellular parameters induced by the chemotherapeutic treatment.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in recent years, often associated with exposure to carcinogens such as pollutants and cigarette smoke. In this study, we used a cell line model, A549, which are human lung adenocarcinoma cells that exhibit common characteristics with type II alveolar cells found in lung tissue. Specifically, this cell line has been used in the literature as an in vitro model for studying the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DNB). A significant issue associated with these chemotherapeutic treatments is the possibility that these molecules can be rapidly metabolized within the cells through enzymes with oxidoreductase activity such as carbonyl reductase (CBR1) or proteins belonging to the aldoketo reductase family. Specifically, their conversion to corresponding alcohols makes these molecules less toxic to cells, thereby reducing their therapeutic efficiency, and transforming them into products known to have cardiotoxic effects. In the laboratory where I conducted my thesis internship, some synthetic molecules named LAT3, LAT5, and LAT6, synthesized by Professor Rosaria Ottanà's group from the Department of Chemical, Pharmacological, and Biological Sciences at the University of Messina, were previously characterized as inhibitors of oxidoreductase activity. The work I conducted during my thesis internship involved evaluating their ability to modulate the activity of DNB in cultured cells. Specifically, cell viability assays were performed using the MTT test, assessing the cellular response to DNB in the presence of these molecules to determine whether the inhibition of specific enzymatic activities could contribute to increased cell toxicity to DNB. A significant part of the thesis was the characterization of A549 cells incubated in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of DNB, evaluating the long-term effect of the molecule. Once the cells acquired resistance, they were analyzed metabolically through enzymatic activity assays via spectrophotometric measurements, gene and protein expression analysis using rtPCR and Western blotting, and assessment of intracellular glutathione content using capillary electrophoresis. This was crucial to highlight a possible modulation of cellular parameters induced by the chemotherapeutic treatment.
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