• Bayesian hypothesis testing.
• Electric vehicle (EV)
• Global positioning system (GPS)
• Green energy certification
• Incentivization scheme
• Off-shoring
• SUMO
• Undeclared EV charging

The green potential of electric vehicles (EVs) can only be realized if they are charged using energy from renewable sources. However, for economic or logistical reasons, EV owners may avoid certified green charging stations and choose conventional ones that use non-renewable energy, leading to "off-shoring" emissions to regions with lax regulations. To address this, a detection mechanism is proposed for undeclared charging events outside certified stations. The method uses a Bayesian algorithm that analyses GPS data to evaluate energy usage. By identifying discrepancies in expected energy consumption, the algorithm detects undeclared charging events, helping ensure EVs are charged with renewable energy and supporting sustainable transportation practices.