• antenna array
• antenna design
• beam steering
• D-band
• electromagnetic transition
• microstrip antenna
• parasitic patch antenna
• stripline
• system in package

This thesis delves into the detailed design, analysis, and optimization of microstrip patch antennas and the crucial signal path connecting the power amplifier to the antenna. The research is particularly focused on high-frequency communication systems operating within the D-band (110-170 GHz), a frequency range that plays a pivotal role in advancing beyond-5G telecommunication networks. The primary challenge addressed in this work is the integration of antennas within the compact packaging of electronic devices, where the need for high performance must be balanced with the constraints of size and complexity. These aspects are increasingly critical in modern communication technologies, where devices are expected to be smaller, more efficient, and capable of operating at higher frequencies.
The research begins by offering a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in microstrip patch antennas, mapping out the evolution of these technologies while highlighting the ongoing challenges encountered at higher frequencies, such as reduced bandwidth and increased losses. This review serves as a foundation for the design phase, where key techniques and innovative technologies are identified to mitigate these challenges. The thesis then transitions into the design and development phase, where a microstrip parasitic patch antenna is meticulously optimized to meet specific project requirements. The outcome is a design that successfully achieves broadside gain and a 14% bandwidth, all within a remarkably compact area of less than 1 mm², demonstrating the feasibility of integrating such designs into next-generation communication systems.
A significant innovation within this thesis is the detailed design of the signal path between the power amplifier and the antenna, with particular attention given to the transition through the package core. This component is essential for maintaining signal integrity and minimizing losses, both of which are critical for the efficient operation of high-frequency systems. A novel solution for this transition was developed, along with the design of a coplanar grounded stripline that manages horizontal connections. Simulations conducted using advanced tools like High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) validated the effectiveness of these designs, showing that the proposed configurations effectively minimize dielectric and copper losses while ensuring adequate insulation between the antenna and transition modes.
Further advancing the research, the thesis explores the design of a 2x2 planar antenna array, leveraging the optimized antenna unit. The array's performance is thoroughly evaluated, revealing its capability to enhance gain and offer dynamic beam steering by adjusting the phase of individual elements. This flexibility in beam steering is particularly advantageous for applications requiring precise control over the radiation pattern, making the array suitable for a wide range of high-frequency communication applications.
In conclusion, this thesis makes substantial contributions to the field of high-frequency antenna design, particularly in the context of creating compact and integrated systems for advanced communication technologies. The designs developed not only meet the specific constraints of the project but also offer a level of flexibility that allows them to be adapted to various frequencies and packaging configurations. This adaptability is crucial as technological requirements continue to evolve, ensuring that the solutions presented in this work remain relevant and effective. Moreover, the research underscores the importance of considering signal path integrity in antenna design, especially at high frequencies where even minor losses can significantly impact overall system performance. The innovations and methodologies presented in this thesis provide a robust foundation for future research and development efforts in antenna and communication system design, offering practical solutions that push the boundaries of what is currently achievable in terms of miniaturization, performance, and efficiency. As the transition to beyond-5G networks progresses, the insights and designs provided in this thesis will be instrumental in guiding the development of next-generation communication systems, ensuring they are capable of meeting the demands of an increasingly connected and high-frequency world.