• circular economy
• consumer empowerment
• consumer responsibility
• digitalisation
• EU consumer law
• EU Green Deal
• information complexity
• sustainable consumption

By identifying common values in the digital and the green transitions, this dissertation highlights the significance of empowered consumers in advancing towards a more fair, digital and sustainable society in the EU. In a context where striking a balance between synergies and tensions shapes the twin transition, the Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles sets out green principles for the digital transition. Circular economy and increased environmental awareness are identified as key elements to successfully intertwine these transitions, a perspective that is also echoed in the broader EU policy and regulatory framework.

By setting up a backdrop that enables consumers to make informed decisions, the EU aims to shift their patterns and behavior towards more environmentally sustainable choices. The Commission’s narrative of consumer empowerment, however, presents some drawbacks. The paradox of consumer empowerment highlights that, other than empowered consumers, responsible consumers are critical for the twin transition to succeed. Holding consumers accountable for their actions would thus prove a more efficient strategy. Aligned with legislative restrictions on unsustainable choices, this approach would also enhance transparency and coherence within the EU context.