Tesi etd-06032025-102010 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di dottorato di ricerca
Autore
MACCELLI, CHIARA
URN
etd-06032025-102010
Titolo
Natural and anthropogenic contributions of heavy metals from suspended solids, sediments, and freshwaters from the Valdinievole sub-basin, Padule di Fucecchio and Usciana River (Tuscany, Italy)
Settore scientifico disciplinare
GEOS-01/C - Geochimica e vulcanologia
Corso di studi
SCIENZE DELLA TERRA
Relatori
tutor Dott.ssa Nisi, Barbara
tutor Prof. Natali, Claudio
tutor Prof.ssa Casalini, Martina
tutor Prof. Natali, Claudio
tutor Prof.ssa Casalini, Martina
Parole chiave
- anthropogenic contamination
- contaminazione antropica
- heavy metals
- metalli pesanti
- Pb and Sr isotopic ratios
- rapporti isotopici di Pb e Sr
- solido sospeso
- suspended solids
- Usciana River
- Valdinievole
Data inizio appello
26/06/2025
Consultabilità
Completa
Riassunto
Un sistema fluviale è composto da tre principali matrici geologiche: acque, solido sospeso totale (SST) e sedimenti. Uno studio integrato di queste matrici, unito ad analisi geochimiche e isotopiche, consente di valutare lo stato ambientale di un bacino fluviale. I fattori naturali che ne influenzano la composizione includono litologia, clima e interazioni con le acque sotterranee, ma l’impatto antropico può modificarne significativamente la chimica. Le attività umane rilasciano elementi potenzialmente tossici (EPT) sotto forma di ioni disciolti, complessi o adsorbiti su SSL e sedimenti, con possibili rischi ecologici e sanitari. Il sub-bacino della Valdinievole (Toscana) rappresenta un caso studio ideale per analizzare tali impatti. Le attività agricole, urbane, termali, cartarie e conciarie influenzano composizione e distribuzione degli inquinanti. Le acque mostrano elevati livelli di specie azotate ridotte e rapporti N/P e Br⁻/Cl⁻ indicativi di origine agricola e termale. Le concerie contribuiscono con metalli come Cr, Ni e Sb, mentre le acque termali arricchiscono Li e Cs. I sedimenti registrano concentrazioni anomale di Zn, Cu, V e Pb, quest’ultimo con firme isotopiche riconducibili ad attività agricole. Il coefficiente di distribuzione Kd rivela la mobilità di alcuni elementi dalle fasi solide all’acqua, con implicazioni ecotossicologiche. Lo studio dimostra l’efficacia di un approccio multidisciplinare per distinguere fonti naturali e antropiche e supportare strategie di mitigazione.
A river system consists of three main geological matrices: waters, suspended solid loads (SSLs), and sediments. A combined geochemical and isotopic study of these matrices allows for a detailed assessment of the river’s environmental status. While natural factors like lithology, climate, and groundwater interactions influence the river's composition, anthropogenic activities often alter it significantly. Human activities release Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) into the environment, which can be dissolved, complexed, or adsorbed onto SSLs and sediments, posing ecological and health risks. The Valdinievole sub-basin (Central Italy) is an ideal case study due to diverse human pressures—agriculture, urbanization, thermal spas, paper mills, and tanneries. Water samples showed signs of human impact (e.g., high reduced nitrogen species, high N/P and Br⁻/Cl⁻ ratios), with thermal waters from Montecatini Terme characterized by low Br⁻/Cl⁻ ratios and elevated Li and Cs. Tanneries contributed Cr, Ni, Sb, and other metals. The Sr isotopic composition reflected both geological and anthropogenic sources. Solid matrices showed Zn, Cu, and V enrichment from various human sources, while Pb isotopes indicated agricultural contributions. Distribution coefficients revealed the mobility of elements like Li, Cs, and Zn from solids to water, raising environmental concerns. The study underscores the value of a multidisciplinary geochemical-isotopic approach to distinguish natural vs anthropogenic sources and guide mitigation efforts.
A river system consists of three main geological matrices: waters, suspended solid loads (SSLs), and sediments. A combined geochemical and isotopic study of these matrices allows for a detailed assessment of the river’s environmental status. While natural factors like lithology, climate, and groundwater interactions influence the river's composition, anthropogenic activities often alter it significantly. Human activities release Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) into the environment, which can be dissolved, complexed, or adsorbed onto SSLs and sediments, posing ecological and health risks. The Valdinievole sub-basin (Central Italy) is an ideal case study due to diverse human pressures—agriculture, urbanization, thermal spas, paper mills, and tanneries. Water samples showed signs of human impact (e.g., high reduced nitrogen species, high N/P and Br⁻/Cl⁻ ratios), with thermal waters from Montecatini Terme characterized by low Br⁻/Cl⁻ ratios and elevated Li and Cs. Tanneries contributed Cr, Ni, Sb, and other metals. The Sr isotopic composition reflected both geological and anthropogenic sources. Solid matrices showed Zn, Cu, and V enrichment from various human sources, while Pb isotopes indicated agricultural contributions. Distribution coefficients revealed the mobility of elements like Li, Cs, and Zn from solids to water, raising environmental concerns. The study underscores the value of a multidisciplinary geochemical-isotopic approach to distinguish natural vs anthropogenic sources and guide mitigation efforts.
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