Tesi etd-03222024-170601 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
FONTANI, LUNA
URN
etd-03222024-170601
Titolo
Identificazione di biomarcatori diagnostici per il mesotelioma pleurico
Dipartimento
BIOLOGIA
Corso di studi
BIOLOGIA APPLICATA ALLA BIOMEDICINA
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Gemignani, Federica
relatore Dott. Silvestri, Roberto
relatore Dott. Silvestri, Roberto
Parole chiave
- biomarcatori circolanti
- circulating biomarkers
- diagnosi
- diagnosis
- mesotelioma pleurico
- pleural mesothelioma
Data inizio appello
08/04/2024
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
08/04/2027
Riassunto
Il mesotelioma pleurico (MP) è un tumore delle cellule mesoteliali della pleura causato dall’esposizione all’amianto. La sopravvivenza mediana associata a MP è inferiore a un anno, e l’aspecificità dei sintomi iniziali spesso non consente una diagnosi precoce. Vi sono stati numerosi sforzi volti a individuare dei marcatori circolanti di MP che permetterebbero di identificare la patologia ai primi stadi. Il primo marcatore caratterizzato è la mesotelina (MSLN), una glicoproteina prodotta a bassi livelli nei tessuti mesoteliali sani ma sovra-espressa nel MP. La forma solubile di MSLN, SMRP, è presente ad alti livelli nel siero di pazienti con MP, mentre è quasi assente in quello di soggetti sani. Tuttavia, SMRP presenta delle limitazioni che ne riducono il potere diagnostico. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di individuare nuovi marcatori di MP da affiancare a SMRP per migliorarne la performance. Tramite saggi ELISA si sono misurati i livelli sierici di 22 proteine e tramite NGS si sono analizzati i profili di espressione plasmatica di vari miRNA. La ricerca dei marcatori proteici si è svolta su una coorte di 16 pazienti con MP e 16 controlli ex-esposti all’amianto. L’analisi del miRNoma si è svolta su una casistica comprendente i pazienti della prima coorte a cui si sono sommati 17 pazienti con MP e 18 controlli. Per tutti i pazienti si sono misurati i livelli sierici di SMRP. In totale, sono emersi 5 marcatori proteici e 7 miRNA circolanti di potenziale interesse clinico.
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a cancer originating from the mesothelial cells of the pleura linked to asbestos exposure. The median survival associated with PM is less than a year, and early diagnosis is often not possible due to the aspecificity of the initial symptoms. Over the years there have been multiple attempts to identify circulating biomarkers that could detect the disease in its early stages. Mesothelin (MSLN) was the first biomarker to be investigated. MSLN is a glycoprotein scarcely expressed in healthy mesothelial tissue but overexpressed in PM. Its soluble form, SMRP, is found at significantly elevated levels in the serum of PM patients compared to healthy controls. However, SMRP has some limitations that hinder its diagnostic power. The goal of this thesis is to identify new PM biomarkers which could be combined with SMRP to improve its diagnostic performance. Immunoenzimatic assays were carried out to measure the serum levels of 22 proteins, and NGS was used to investigate the expression patterns of several circulating miRNAs. The serum proteins' concentration levels were measured on a cohort of 16 PM patients and 16 asbestos-exposed controls, while the miRNome analysis was carried out on a population made up of the first cohort of patients and an additional cohort of 17 PM patients and 18 asbestos-exposed controls. Serum SMRP levels were measured for all patients. A total of 5 proteins and 7 circulating miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers of clinical interest.
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a cancer originating from the mesothelial cells of the pleura linked to asbestos exposure. The median survival associated with PM is less than a year, and early diagnosis is often not possible due to the aspecificity of the initial symptoms. Over the years there have been multiple attempts to identify circulating biomarkers that could detect the disease in its early stages. Mesothelin (MSLN) was the first biomarker to be investigated. MSLN is a glycoprotein scarcely expressed in healthy mesothelial tissue but overexpressed in PM. Its soluble form, SMRP, is found at significantly elevated levels in the serum of PM patients compared to healthy controls. However, SMRP has some limitations that hinder its diagnostic power. The goal of this thesis is to identify new PM biomarkers which could be combined with SMRP to improve its diagnostic performance. Immunoenzimatic assays were carried out to measure the serum levels of 22 proteins, and NGS was used to investigate the expression patterns of several circulating miRNAs. The serum proteins' concentration levels were measured on a cohort of 16 PM patients and 16 asbestos-exposed controls, while the miRNome analysis was carried out on a population made up of the first cohort of patients and an additional cohort of 17 PM patients and 18 asbestos-exposed controls. Serum SMRP levels were measured for all patients. A total of 5 proteins and 7 circulating miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers of clinical interest.
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