Tesi etd-01122026-223836 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
CARRABS, GIADA
URN
etd-01122026-223836
Titolo
Effetto di concentrazioni subtossiche di Daunorubicina su un modello cellulare di tumore non a piccole cellule
Dipartimento
BIOLOGIA
Corso di studi
BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE E CELLULARE
Relatori
relatore Moschini, Roberta
Parole chiave
- Daunorubicina
- Transizione Epitelio-mesenchimale
- Tumore al polmone
Data inizio appello
09/02/2026
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
09/02/2029
Riassunto
Il cancro causa la crescita incontrollata di cellule anomale ed alterazioni dinamiche del genoma ed è una delle principali cause di morte a livello mondiale, motivo per cui l’individuazione di cure contro il cancro rimane un obiettivo importante per ricercatori e clinici. Attualmente sono disponibili diversi trattamenti, ma la chemioterapia è considerata una delle modalità più promettenti per ridurre la gravosità del cancro. Tuttavia, quest’ultima fallisce nella maggior parte dei casi a causa dello sviluppo di chemioresistenza da parte delle cellule tumorali, rendendo, di conseguenza, più difficile trattare efficacemente il cancro. La resistenza ai farmaci può insorgere a partire da una moltitudine di meccanismi, come l’efflusso del farmaco, il suo metabolismo, l’inibizione della morte cellulare, il potenziamento della riparazione del DNA, le mutazioni in geni codificanti proteine modificabili per azione farmacologica e i cambiamenti epigenetici. In questo contesto rientra anche la transizione epitelio-mesenchimale (EMT), che presenta infatti molte delle caratteristiche sopra descritte. Inoltre, lo studio della sua modulazione è considerata una nuova opportunità per superare la resistenza ai farmaci nel cancro. In questo studio è stata utilizzata la linea cellulare umana A549, derivata da un adenocarcinoma polmonare, come modello di carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule (NSCLC), spesso presa in considerazione per valutare l’efficacia degli agenti chemioterapici, tra cui l’antraciclina Daunorubicina (DNB). Mediante esposizione prolungata a concentrazioni sub-letali del farmaco (50 nM) è stata ottenuta una linea resistente alla Daunorubicina (A549DNB) che ha mostrato evidenti cambiamenti morfologici compatibili con una transizione epitelio-mesenchimale (EMT) e cambiamenti funzionali, i quali sono stati valutati tramite analisi Western Blot, misure spettrofotometriche e di fluorescenza con lo scopo di confermare l’eventuale variazione dell’espressione di proteine marker fondamentali coinvolte in questo processo cellulare. I marker presi in considerazione sono quelli di mesenchimalità e quelli coinvolti nel metabolismo del glucosio, in particolare la via dei polioli. L’effetto del chemioterapico è stato valutato a tempi diversi in una valutazione tempo-dipendente dell’effetto trasformante della DNB sul modello cellulare A549. Studi recenti indicano che AKR1B1 può modulare la transizione epitelio-mesenchimale (EMT) e di conseguenza la resistenza ai farmaci e per valutare ciò è stato utilizzato un suo inibitore, Sorbinil, sia da solo sia in combinazione con la Daunorubicina al fine di definire l’efficacia della modulazione dell’attività enzimatica nel processo EMT. Il trattamento di 4 settimane con DNB, in grado di indurre EMT, è stato approfondito, mediante successiva rimozione del farmaco, verificando eventuali differenze nel marker di mesenchimalità, rispetto ad una linea cellulare mantenuta in presenza di concentrazioni subtossiche di DNB.
Cancer causes the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and dynamic alterations of the genome and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide; therefore, the identification of effective anticancer therapies remains a major goal for researchers and clinicians. Currently, several treatments are available, but chemotherapy is considered one of the most promising approaches to reduce the burden of cancer. However, in most cases chemotherapy fails due to the development of chemoresistance by tumor cells, which consequently makes cancer more difficult to treat effectively. Drug resistance can arise from a wide variety of mechanisms, such as drug efflux, drug metabolism, inhibition of cell death, enhanced DNA repair, mutations in genes encoding drug-targetable proteins, and epigenetic changes. Within this context, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) also plays an important role, as it exhibits many of the characteristics described above. Moreover, the study of its modulation is considered a new opportunity to overcome drug resistance in cancer.
In this study, the human cell line A549, derived from a lung adenocarcinoma, was used as a model of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which is often employed to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, including the anthracycline daunorubicin (DNB). Through prolonged exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of the drug (50 nM), a daunorubicin-resistant cell line (A549DNB) was obtained, which showed evident morphological changes compatible with an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as functional changes. These were evaluated by Western blot analysis and spectrophotometric and fluorescence measurements in order to confirm possible variations in the expression of key marker proteins involved in this cellular process. The markers considered included those associated with mesenchymal phenotype and those involved in glucose metabolism, in particular the polyol pathway.
The effect of the chemotherapeutic agent was evaluated at different time points in a time-dependent assessment of the transforming effect of DNB on the A549 cellular model. Recent studies indicate that AKR1B1 can modulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, consequently, drug resistance; therefore, its inhibitor sorbinil was used, both alone and in combination with daunorubicin, in order to define the effectiveness of modulating this enzymatic activity in the EMT process. The four-week DNB treatment, capable of inducing EMT, was further investigated by subsequently removing the drug and assessing possible differences in mesenchymal markers compared with a cell line maintained in the presence of sub-toxic concentrations of DNB.
Cancer causes the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and dynamic alterations of the genome and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide; therefore, the identification of effective anticancer therapies remains a major goal for researchers and clinicians. Currently, several treatments are available, but chemotherapy is considered one of the most promising approaches to reduce the burden of cancer. However, in most cases chemotherapy fails due to the development of chemoresistance by tumor cells, which consequently makes cancer more difficult to treat effectively. Drug resistance can arise from a wide variety of mechanisms, such as drug efflux, drug metabolism, inhibition of cell death, enhanced DNA repair, mutations in genes encoding drug-targetable proteins, and epigenetic changes. Within this context, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) also plays an important role, as it exhibits many of the characteristics described above. Moreover, the study of its modulation is considered a new opportunity to overcome drug resistance in cancer.
In this study, the human cell line A549, derived from a lung adenocarcinoma, was used as a model of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which is often employed to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, including the anthracycline daunorubicin (DNB). Through prolonged exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of the drug (50 nM), a daunorubicin-resistant cell line (A549DNB) was obtained, which showed evident morphological changes compatible with an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as functional changes. These were evaluated by Western blot analysis and spectrophotometric and fluorescence measurements in order to confirm possible variations in the expression of key marker proteins involved in this cellular process. The markers considered included those associated with mesenchymal phenotype and those involved in glucose metabolism, in particular the polyol pathway.
The effect of the chemotherapeutic agent was evaluated at different time points in a time-dependent assessment of the transforming effect of DNB on the A549 cellular model. Recent studies indicate that AKR1B1 can modulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and, consequently, drug resistance; therefore, its inhibitor sorbinil was used, both alone and in combination with daunorubicin, in order to define the effectiveness of modulating this enzymatic activity in the EMT process. The four-week DNB treatment, capable of inducing EMT, was further investigated by subsequently removing the drug and assessing possible differences in mesenchymal markers compared with a cell line maintained in the presence of sub-toxic concentrations of DNB.
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