Tesi etd-01072025-211148 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale LM5
Autore
PELLEGRINI, VALENTINA
URN
etd-01072025-211148
Titolo
Studio comparativo tra dispositivo Smartphone ECG “eKuore” ed esame elettrocardiografico standard nel gatto.
Dipartimento
SCIENZE VETERINARIE
Corso di studi
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Relatori
relatore Dott. Vezzosi, Tommaso
Parole chiave
- cat
- eKuore
- eKuore
- Elettrocardiografia
- gatto. Electrocardiography
- mobile-health
- mobile-health
- smartphone
- smartphone
Data inizio appello
07/02/2025
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
07/02/2028
Riassunto
La registrazione elettrocardiografica basata sulla tecnologia smartphone è diventata parte del nuovo concetto di sanità mobile sia in medicina umana che in veterinaria grazie alle crescenti ricerche che si sono sviluppate a riguardo. L'affidabilità clinica dell’ECG basato su smartphone per la registrazione elettrocardiografica è stata dimostrata sia negli esseri umani sia negli animali, con solo due studi più recenti che dimostrano l’affidabilità di un ECG a 6 derivazioni basato su smartphone nel cane. L'obiettivo del presente studio è valutare la fattibilità e l’affidabilità diagnostica dell’ECG a 6 derivazioni eKuore, un nuovo elettrocardiografo a 6 derivazioni basato su smartphone (smECG), rispetto all’ECG standard a 6 derivazioni (stECG) nel gatto. Si è trattato di uno studio prospettico osservazionale. Il protocollo di studio è stato esaminato e approvato dal Comitato istituzionale per il benessere e l’etica dell’Università di Pisa [20/2024]. Tutti i soggetti inclusi sono stati sottoposti a visita medica, ecocardiografia e registrazione elettrocardiografica simultanea con entrambi i metodi (stECG e smECG) in decubito laterale destro per almeno 30 secondi. Tutte le tracce ECG sono state esaminate da un operatore esperto, che ha giudicato se le tracce fossero accettabili per l’interpretazione, ha eseguito le misurazioni elettrocardiografiche ed ha emesso una diagnosi. La concordanza nell’interpretazione elettrocardiografica e nella diagnosi tra smECG e stECG è stata valutata utilizzando il test di Bland-Altman ed il test k di Cohen. Lo studio ha incluso 48 gatti di proprietà, di cui 21 femmine e 27 maschi con un’età media di 6 anni [intervallo interquartile (IQR), 3-10 anni] ed un peso corporeo medio di 4.5 kg (IQR, 3.7- 5.4 kg). Ventidue gatti erano affetti da diverse patologie cardiache, mentre i restanti ventisei gatti avevano riscontri ecocardiografici normali. Quarantacinque gatti presentavano un ritmo sinusale, un gatto aveva fibrillazione atriale, un gatto aveva un blocco atrioventricolare di 3° ed un gatto presentava tachicardia sopraventricolare. Quattro gatti avevano un blocco del fascicolo anteriore di sinistra, tre gatti avevano un blocco di branca destra, un gatto aveva un blocco di branca sinistra ed un gatto aveva un blocco bifascicolare. I tracciati elettrocardiografici ottenuti con smECG erano interpretabili in tutti i casi (100%). È stata riscontrata una perfetta concordanza tra smECG e stECG nel rilevamento del ritmo cardiaco (k=1). Non sono state riscontrate differenze clinicamente rilevanti nella valutazione della frequenza cardiaca (bias, 0 bpm), durata dell'onda P (bias, -0,4 ms), durata dell'intervallo PQ (bias, 0 ms), durata del complesso QRS (bias, -1,9 ms) e durata dell'intervallo QT (bias, 0 ms), ampiezza dell'onda P (bias, 0,02 mV) e ampiezza dell'onda R (bias, 0,1 mV). Il nostro studio suggerisce che l'smECG testato è un dispositivo clinicamente affidabile per la valutazione della frequenza cardiaca, del ritmo cardiaco e delle misurazioni elettrocardiografiche nei gatti. Il dispositivo potrebbe essere un nuovo strumento elettrocardiografico nei gatti, particolarmente utile per la telemedicina e la sanità mobile grazie al sistema basato su smartphone di facile utilizzo.
Growing research on smartphone-based technology for electrocardiographic recording has been developed and has become part of the new concept of mobile health both in human and veterinary medicine. The clinical reliability of smartphone-based ECG for electrocardiographic recording has been shown both in humans and in animals, with only two recent studies demonstrating the reliability of smartphone-based 6-lead ECG in dogs. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the diagnostic reliability of the eKuore 6-leads ECG, a new smartphone-based 6-lead electrocardiograph (smECG), in comparison to standard 6- lead ECG (stECG) in cats. This was a prospective, observational study. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Welfare and Ethics Committee of the University of Pisa [20/2024]. All included subjects underwent physical examination, echocardiography and simultaneous electrocardiographic recording with both methods (stECG and smECG) in right lateral recumbency for at least 30 seconds. All ECG traces were reviewed blindly by an experienced operator, who judged whether the traces were acceptable for interpretation, performed electrocardiographic measurements, and assigned a diagnosis. Agreement in electrocardiographic interpretation and diagnosis between smECG and stECG was assessed using the Bland-Altman test and the Cohen's k test. The study included 48 client-owned cats, 21 females and 27 males, with a median age of 6 years [interquartile range (IQR), 3-10 years] and a median body weight of a 4.5 kg (IQR, 3.7-5.4 kg). Twenty-two cats were affects by different cardiac disease, and the remaining 26 cats had normal echocardiographic findings. Forty-five cats were in sinus rhythm, one cat had atrial fibrillation, one had third-degree atrioventricular block and one had supraventricular tachycardia. Four cats had left anterior fascicular block, 3 right bundle branch block, 1 left bundle branch block, and 1 bifascicular block. Electrocardiographic tracings obtained with the smECG were interpretable in all cases (100%). Perfect agreement between smECG and stECG was found in the detection of heart rhythm (k=1). No clinically relevant differences were found in the assessment of heart rate (bias, 0 bpm), P wave duration (bias, -0.4 ms), PQ interval duration (bias, 0 ms), QRS complex duration (bias, -1,9 ms) and QT interval duration (bias, 0 ms), P wave amplitude (bias, 0.02 mV) and R wave amplitude (bias, 0.1 mV). Our study suggests that the tested smECG is a clinically reliable device for assessing heart rate, heart rhythm and electrocardiographic measurements in cats. The device could be a new electrocardiographic tool in cats, particularly useful for telemedicine and mobile health thanks to the easy-to- use smartphone-based system.
Growing research on smartphone-based technology for electrocardiographic recording has been developed and has become part of the new concept of mobile health both in human and veterinary medicine. The clinical reliability of smartphone-based ECG for electrocardiographic recording has been shown both in humans and in animals, with only two recent studies demonstrating the reliability of smartphone-based 6-lead ECG in dogs. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and the diagnostic reliability of the eKuore 6-leads ECG, a new smartphone-based 6-lead electrocardiograph (smECG), in comparison to standard 6- lead ECG (stECG) in cats. This was a prospective, observational study. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Welfare and Ethics Committee of the University of Pisa [20/2024]. All included subjects underwent physical examination, echocardiography and simultaneous electrocardiographic recording with both methods (stECG and smECG) in right lateral recumbency for at least 30 seconds. All ECG traces were reviewed blindly by an experienced operator, who judged whether the traces were acceptable for interpretation, performed electrocardiographic measurements, and assigned a diagnosis. Agreement in electrocardiographic interpretation and diagnosis between smECG and stECG was assessed using the Bland-Altman test and the Cohen's k test. The study included 48 client-owned cats, 21 females and 27 males, with a median age of 6 years [interquartile range (IQR), 3-10 years] and a median body weight of a 4.5 kg (IQR, 3.7-5.4 kg). Twenty-two cats were affects by different cardiac disease, and the remaining 26 cats had normal echocardiographic findings. Forty-five cats were in sinus rhythm, one cat had atrial fibrillation, one had third-degree atrioventricular block and one had supraventricular tachycardia. Four cats had left anterior fascicular block, 3 right bundle branch block, 1 left bundle branch block, and 1 bifascicular block. Electrocardiographic tracings obtained with the smECG were interpretable in all cases (100%). Perfect agreement between smECG and stECG was found in the detection of heart rhythm (k=1). No clinically relevant differences were found in the assessment of heart rate (bias, 0 bpm), P wave duration (bias, -0.4 ms), PQ interval duration (bias, 0 ms), QRS complex duration (bias, -1,9 ms) and QT interval duration (bias, 0 ms), P wave amplitude (bias, 0.02 mV) and R wave amplitude (bias, 0.1 mV). Our study suggests that the tested smECG is a clinically reliable device for assessing heart rate, heart rhythm and electrocardiographic measurements in cats. The device could be a new electrocardiographic tool in cats, particularly useful for telemedicine and mobile health thanks to the easy-to- use smartphone-based system.
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