Thesis etd-06132013-105015 |
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Thesis type
Tesi di laurea specialistica
Author
GIGLIOTTI, DOMENICO
URN
etd-06132013-105015
Thesis title
Internet come piattaforma per la democrazia dal basso: contestualizzazione, opportunita e limiti
Department
CIVILTA' E FORME DEL SAPERE
Course of study
SISTEMI E PROGETTI DI COMUNICAZIONE
Supervisors
relatore Dott.ssa Bracciale, Roberta
Keywords
- arabic riots
- campaign
- Castells
- controdemocrazia
- dal basso
- democracy
- democrazia
- digital
- digitali
- diritti digitali
- Formenti
- Iceland
- iCTs
- ICTs
- internet
- Islanda
- istituzioni
- libertà
- lyfestyle politics
- M5S
- media
- Morozov
- movimenti
- net
- net economy
- online
- policy
- Popolo Viola
- privacy
- pubblic sphere
- rete
- revolution
- riot
- Rodotà
- Rosanvallon
- Web
Graduation session start date
01/07/2013
Availability
Withheld
Release date
01/07/2053
Summary
Il presente lavoro ha avuto come oggetto di studio l'uso delle piattaforme online per azioni di politica dal basso (grassroot) con trattazione del contesto storico e delle cause che hanno prodotto fenomeni sociali quali la sfiducia nella rappresentanza, l'individualizzazione e il rifiuto delle gerarchie. A tali fenomeni sono stati poi legati i cambiamenti della Sfera Pubblica, di quella privata e le nuove manifestazioni dei poteri della controdemocrazia. Si è riportata poi un'analisi di casi in cui l'uso delle ICTs è risultato utile a sostenere alcune lotte politiche dal basso come per il Popolo Viola, il Movimento 5 Stelle, la rivoluzione delle pentole in Islanda e le rivolte arabe in Tunisia ed Egitto. Successivamente è stata condotta una critica sui limiti di Internet riguardo a sicurezza, controllo e privacy in Rete, mostrando come i media digitali non sono sempre alleati della democrazia ma possono dare maggior potere ai regimi autoritari. Inoltre si è evidenziato come Internet sia dominata da pochi grandi intermediari e che tende sempre più verso la concentrazione dei servizi e del mercato. Si è verificato come i governi occidentali abbiano sposato le idee dei cyber-ottimisti, che hanno visto nella Rete uno strumento inarrestabile di democrazia, ma contemporaneamente tali governi non hanno vietato alle aziende del Web la possibilità di fornire strumenti di oppressione alle dittature, anzi ne hanno fatto uso essi stessi per restringere la privacy dei propri cittadini. Altri punti di questo studio hanno infine accennato altre criticità specifiche riguardo alla politica grassroot organizzata tramite il Web: sul funzionamento del Movimento 5 Stelle, sul riconoscimento dell'attivismo hacker e altre questioni riguardanti il potere sul Web. Dopo le riflessioni conclusive sono state riportate le proposte di alcuni autori di riferimento per rendere la Rete un vero strumento di democrazia.
The subject of this work was the use of online platforms for political grassroot actions through the study of the historical context and the causes which have produced social phenomena like the distrust in political representatives, the individualization and the refusal of hierarchies. These phenomena have been linked to the changes of the Public Sphere, of the Private Sphere, and the new forms of counter-democracy powers. There follows an analysis of some cases in which the use of ICTs resulted useful in supporting some grassroot political fights as in the Popolo Viola, the Five Star Movement, the "Kitchenware Revolution" in Iceland and the Arabic riots in Tunisia and Egypt. At a later stage, an analysis was conducted on the limits of the Internet in regard to safety, control and privacy on the Net, showing how digital media are not always allies of democracy but they may sometimes give more power to authoritarian regimes. Moreover, it has been highlighted that the Internet is dominated by a small number of large intermediaries and tends always towards a concentration of services and market. It has been verified how Western governments accepted the ideas of cyber-optimists, who saw in the Net an overwhelming tool of democracy, but at the same time these governments did not prevent the opportunity for Web companies to supply oppression tools to dictatorships, in fact they even used these means to reduce the privacy of their citizens. Finally, further points of this study have touched on some criticalities regarding grassroot politics organized through the Web: how the Five Star Movement works, the recognition of hacker activism, and other matters regarding power on the Web. After the final reflections, proposals have been introduced of some authors previously referred to for making the Net a real means of democracy.
The subject of this work was the use of online platforms for political grassroot actions through the study of the historical context and the causes which have produced social phenomena like the distrust in political representatives, the individualization and the refusal of hierarchies. These phenomena have been linked to the changes of the Public Sphere, of the Private Sphere, and the new forms of counter-democracy powers. There follows an analysis of some cases in which the use of ICTs resulted useful in supporting some grassroot political fights as in the Popolo Viola, the Five Star Movement, the "Kitchenware Revolution" in Iceland and the Arabic riots in Tunisia and Egypt. At a later stage, an analysis was conducted on the limits of the Internet in regard to safety, control and privacy on the Net, showing how digital media are not always allies of democracy but they may sometimes give more power to authoritarian regimes. Moreover, it has been highlighted that the Internet is dominated by a small number of large intermediaries and tends always towards a concentration of services and market. It has been verified how Western governments accepted the ideas of cyber-optimists, who saw in the Net an overwhelming tool of democracy, but at the same time these governments did not prevent the opportunity for Web companies to supply oppression tools to dictatorships, in fact they even used these means to reduce the privacy of their citizens. Finally, further points of this study have touched on some criticalities regarding grassroot politics organized through the Web: how the Five Star Movement works, the recognition of hacker activism, and other matters regarding power on the Web. After the final reflections, proposals have been introduced of some authors previously referred to for making the Net a real means of democracy.
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