• self-protection
• macaques
• unsolicited triadic contact
• aggression management
• risk assessment
• consolation

In this study we explored post-conflict interactions in a large zoo-housed group of Macaca mulatta, a despotic macaque living in groups with linear steep hierarchies. We focused on unsolicited (UTC) and solicited (STC) triadic contacts, adaptive affiliative interactions provided by third parties to the victims or aggressors. Contrary to our predictions, we show that the phenomenon of UTC is present even in such a despotic species, towards victims and, to a lesser extent, also aggressors. More in detail, UTC to aggressors was less likely with high-ranking or male subjects. On the other hand, STCs to victims or aggressors were not more common in post-conflict periods, challenging our expectations. Testing the possible functions of UTC, we did not find evidence for a possible role in protecting victims or in reducing social tension in the group. The hypothesis of UTCs being provided for bystander self-protection was partially supported. A stronger social bond (measured via grooming) between victims and bystanders increased the likelihood of UTC and contacts were more frequent among young subjects. Interestingly, no evidence of changes in victim post-conflict anxiety (measured via self-scratching) was found. The study emphasizes the importance of social bonding in conflict management and of risk assessments in the behavioural responses of bystanders of aggression. Overall, the results can help to redefine views on social dynamics of despotic vs tolerant species.