• reflection
• 2D
• FORGE
• MVA
• IHVA processing
• seismic

This thesis explores the critical process of velocity model building from 2D land data in the context of geothermal exploration at the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) field by using the Migration Velocity Analysis (MVA) technique. The FORGE geothermal field, known for its complex and well-known geological structure, presents a unique opportunity for investigating geothermal potential. Throughout this study, many challenges associated with the processing of land data were encountered which are characterized by various types of noise and by inherent complexity compared to marine environments, land data acquisition is often subject to near-surface issues, heterogeneous geological conditions, and the presence of strong ground roll. Despite these complexities, specialized data preprocessing and noise removal techniques were applied, successfully reducing the impact of noise, and improving the seismic data quality for further processing. Finally, migration velocity analysis (MVA) combined with Interactive Horizon Residual Moveout (RMO) analysis was implemented to iteratively update an initial velocity model estimated by the semblance. This study showed that interactive Horizon Residual Moveout (RMO) combined with Migration Velocity Analysis (MVA) was a very effective method for updating the velocity model even in a geothermal context. As a result, the updated velocity model significantly improved the subsurface imaging and would be used as a starting model for a subsequent step of full waveform inversion.