Tesi etd-11232023-104519 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
TROISI, MARTINA
URN
etd-11232023-104519
Titolo
Caratterizzazione funzionale del gene prdx3 durante lo sviluppo embrionale di zebrafish
Dipartimento
BIOLOGIA
Corso di studi
BIOLOGIA APPLICATA ALLA BIOMEDICINA
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Ori, Michela
relatore Dott.ssa Naef, Valentina
relatore Dott.ssa Naef, Valentina
Parole chiave
- Apoptosi
- Apoptosis
- Atassia
- Ataxia
- Neurodegenerazion
- Neurodegenerazione
- Pesce Zebra
- PRDX3
- Zebrafish
Data inizio appello
12/12/2023
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
12/12/2026
Riassunto
Con il termine di malattie neurodegenerative (MN) si fa riferimento ad una serie di condizioni che colpiscono il sistema nervoso umano. Sono patologie debilitanti e non curabili, che provocano la degenerazione progressiva e/o la morte delle cellule nervose. Ne conseguono una varietà di manifestazioni cliniche, tra cui disturbi nel movimento (come, ad esempio, le atassie) e deterioramento cognitivo (demenze). Sebbene i meccanismi patogenetici alla base di queste condizioni siano ancora prevalentemente poco conosciuti, la ricerca clinica e di base ha rivelato che le malattie neurodegenerative condividono molti aspetti, tra cui l’accumulo di specie reattive dell’ossigeno (ROS). Quando la produzione di ROS, a livello mitocondriale, è particolarmente elevata o i sistemi di difesa non sono efficaci, si configura uno stato di stress ossidativo cellulare. Quest’ultimo aspetto risulta cruciale nel caso delle cellule nervose a causa della loro estrema dipendenza dalle funzioni mitocondriali. Nei mitocondri, la tioredossina (TXN) e i sistemi del glutatione (GSH) sono fondamentali per mantenere i livelli di ROS e prevenire il danno da ossidazione. Il sistema TXN è costituito da TXN2, tioredossina reduttasi 2, perossiredossine 3 (PRDX3) e 5 (PRDX5). Due malattie ultra-rare sono associate a carenze in questo sistema, causato da mutazioni con perdita di funzione in TXN2 o PRDX3. La perdita di funzione di PRDX3 nell’uomo è causa di una malattia neurodegenerativa caratterizzata da atrofia cerebellare rapidamente progressiva con neuropatia periferica. All’ospedale IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris attraverso opportune analisi è stata identificata una mutazione, non ancora caratterizzata, nel gene PRDX3 in un paziente con sindrome cerebellare. L’obiettivo di questo progetto di tesi verte sulla generazione di un modello (utilizzando la tecnologia CRISPR/CAS9) per il gene prdx3. Lo studio è condotto partendo da stadi precoci di sviluppo fino a quello larvale. Per caratterizzare il gene prdx3 su modello di zebrafish è stato generato il modello ‘crispant’, attraverso microiniezione di guide sgRNAs. In seguito, sono stati effettuati studi sulla morfologia, sull’ accumulo di ROS attraverso l’utilizzo di sonde fluorescenti, sull’apoptosi attraverso l’utilizzo di coloranti fluorescenti e sui trascritti attraverso Real-Time PCR per valutare eventuale sovra-espressione o sotto-espressione sia di prdx3 sia di altri geni coinvolti nel processo apoptotico mitocondriale. Analizzando la letteratura, studi precedenti su diversi modelli in vitro e in vivo hanno evidenziato come tale gene sia implicato nei processi di neurodegenerazione. I dati preliminari ottenuti da questo lavoro di tesi dimostrano la potenzialità di zebrafish di essere un modello di studio alternativo a quelli esistenti per esplorare le funzioni di prdx3 negli stadi precoci dello sviluppo e per proporre eventuali approcci di recupero fenotipico e/o trattamento farmacologico per studi futuri.
The term neurodegenerative diseases (NCDs) refers to a series of conditions that affect the human nervous system. They are debilitating and untreatable pathologies, which cause the progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. A variety of clinical manifestations result, including movement disorders (such as, for example, ataxias) and cognitive deterioration (dementia). Although the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these conditions are still predominantly poorly understood, clinical and basic research has revealed that neurodegenerative diseases affect many aspects, including the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When the production of ROS, at the mitochondrial level, is particularly high or the defense systems are not effective, a state of cellular oxidative stress occurs. This last aspect is crucial in the case of nerve cells due to their extreme dependence on mitochondrial functions. In mitochondria, the thioredoxin (TXN) and glutathione (GSH) systems are critical for maintaining ROS levels and preventing oxidative damage. The TXN system consists of TXN2, thioredoxin reductase 2, peroxiredoxins 3 (PRDX3) and 5 (PRDX5). Two ultra-rare diseases are associated with deficiencies in this system, caused by loss-of-function mutations in TXN2 or PRDX3. Loss of function of PRDX3 in humans causes a neurodegenerative disease characterized by rapidly progressive cerebellar atrophy with peripheral neuropathy. At the IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris hospital, through appropriate analyses, a mutation, not yet characterized, was identified in the PRDX3 gene in a patient with cerebellar syndrome.
The objective of this thesis project focuses on the generation of a model (using CRISPR/CAS9 technology) for the prdx3 gene. The study is conducted starting from early stages of development up to the larval stage. To characterize the prdx3 gene on a zebrafish model, the 'crispant' model was generated through microinjection of sgRNA guides. Subsequently, studies were carried out on the morphology, on the accumulation of ROS through the use of fluorescent probes, on apoptosis through the use of fluorescent dyes and on the transcripts through Real-Time PCR to evaluate any over-expression or under-expression. Expression of both prdx3 and other genes involved in the mitochondrial apoptotic process. Analyzing the literature, previous studies on different in vitro and in vivo models have highlighted how this gene is implicated in neurodegeneration processes. The preliminary data obtained from this thesis work demonstrate the potential of zebrafish to be an alternative study model to existing ones to explore the functions of prdx3 in the early stages of development and to propose possible phenotypic recovery and/or pharmacological treatment approaches for studies futures.
The term neurodegenerative diseases (NCDs) refers to a series of conditions that affect the human nervous system. They are debilitating and untreatable pathologies, which cause the progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. A variety of clinical manifestations result, including movement disorders (such as, for example, ataxias) and cognitive deterioration (dementia). Although the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these conditions are still predominantly poorly understood, clinical and basic research has revealed that neurodegenerative diseases affect many aspects, including the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When the production of ROS, at the mitochondrial level, is particularly high or the defense systems are not effective, a state of cellular oxidative stress occurs. This last aspect is crucial in the case of nerve cells due to their extreme dependence on mitochondrial functions. In mitochondria, the thioredoxin (TXN) and glutathione (GSH) systems are critical for maintaining ROS levels and preventing oxidative damage. The TXN system consists of TXN2, thioredoxin reductase 2, peroxiredoxins 3 (PRDX3) and 5 (PRDX5). Two ultra-rare diseases are associated with deficiencies in this system, caused by loss-of-function mutations in TXN2 or PRDX3. Loss of function of PRDX3 in humans causes a neurodegenerative disease characterized by rapidly progressive cerebellar atrophy with peripheral neuropathy. At the IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris hospital, through appropriate analyses, a mutation, not yet characterized, was identified in the PRDX3 gene in a patient with cerebellar syndrome.
The objective of this thesis project focuses on the generation of a model (using CRISPR/CAS9 technology) for the prdx3 gene. The study is conducted starting from early stages of development up to the larval stage. To characterize the prdx3 gene on a zebrafish model, the 'crispant' model was generated through microinjection of sgRNA guides. Subsequently, studies were carried out on the morphology, on the accumulation of ROS through the use of fluorescent probes, on apoptosis through the use of fluorescent dyes and on the transcripts through Real-Time PCR to evaluate any over-expression or under-expression. Expression of both prdx3 and other genes involved in the mitochondrial apoptotic process. Analyzing the literature, previous studies on different in vitro and in vivo models have highlighted how this gene is implicated in neurodegeneration processes. The preliminary data obtained from this thesis work demonstrate the potential of zebrafish to be an alternative study model to existing ones to explore the functions of prdx3 in the early stages of development and to propose possible phenotypic recovery and/or pharmacological treatment approaches for studies futures.
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