Tesi etd-11152021-170721 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
IOCOLANO, ANNA
URN
etd-11152021-170721
Titolo
Turismo sostenibile e Customer experience. I risultati di una analisi empirica
Dipartimento
ECONOMIA E MANAGEMENT
Corso di studi
MARKETING E RICERCHE DI MERCATO
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Angelini, Antonella
Parole chiave
- alberghi diffusi
- customer experience
- esperienze
- turismo
- turismo esperienziale
- turismo sostenibile
Data inizio appello
09/12/2021
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
09/12/2091
Riassunto
L’industria del turismo sta attraversando un periodo di trasformazione, in cui sempre più si cerca di studiare e comprendere i comportamenti dei consumatori, i quali scelgono i prodotti turistici in base alle emozioni che riescono a provare. Infatti, i nuovi viaggiatori sono alla costante ricerca di autenticità e di esperienze uniche. Di fatto, negli ultimi anni, nel marketing si sta sviluppando un approccio che mira sempre più alla gestione delle esperienze del cliente. Questo significa andare oltre la tradizionale idea di vacanza, tipicamente identificata dal turismo di massa, affinché l’esperienza di consumo diventi il fulcro dell’offerta stessa, dirigendosi così verso quello che viene definito turismo esperienziale. La "customer experience" o "guest experience" rappresenta un tema attuale di cruciale importanza per il settore turistico, diventando uno strumento sia di comunicazione che di promozione e differenziazione per le strutture ricettive. Ciò che inoltre sta prendendo piede è una nuova forma di turismo legata al rispetto della natura ed alla tutela dell’ambiente. In questo contesto si inserisce l’Albergo Diffuso, un po' casa, un po' albergo, in uno stile 100% made in Italy. Si tratta di una formula ricettiva nata con l’obiettivo di soddisfare i bisogni del turista – ospite prestando attenzione alla crescente domanda di turismo esperienziale, alla valorizzazione del territorio e al recupero del patrimonio edilizio esistente. L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è quello di analizzare come le esperienze siano diventate essenziali nell’offerta turistica. Nel primo capitolo viene presentato il settore turistico italiano, con un focus sulla la storia del turismo e sulle nuove forme di turismo in cui predomina, sempre più, la parte attiva del consumatore, l’analisi della domanda e dell’offerta, il turismo rurale e nei borghi ed il turismo esperienziale. In particolare, viene presentata la letteratura riguardo alla Customer Experience che attiene all’insieme di tutte le interazioni che un consumatore sperimenta durante il suo customer journey con un’azienda. Vengono dunque presentati i principali autori di riferimento per l’esperienza del consumatore: Schmitt con il “Marketing Esperienziale”, Pine e Gilmore fondatori del “Marketing delle esperienze”. Questi ultimi, sulla base del livello di partecipazione e di immersione del consumatore, hanno individuato quattro tipologie di esperienze: intrattenimento, educazione, immersione, evasione. Nel secondo capitolo viene analizzata dettagliatamente la formula degli Alberghi Diffusi, indagando sulle origini, gli aspetti distintivi, il contesto normativo italiano, la situazione degli stessi in Italia e all’estero. Nel terzo ed ultimo capito è stata condotta una ricerca qualitativa analizzando sia la domanda, in termini di conoscenza degli AD, che l’offerta degli Alberghi Diffusi al fine di comprendere in che modo le esperienze vengano utilizzate per generare momenti di vita memorabili, andando a soddisfare e fidelizzare il cliente. Tramite la ricerca si cerca di comprendere quali siano le proposte esperienziali offerte nelle diverse realtà per arricchire la proposta di valore e migliorare il vantaggio competitivo considerando il modello di Pine e Gilmore, le tipologie di target che attirano, in che modo l’azienda si relazioni con i residenti, il territorio e gli ospiti, infine quali azioni sono state intraprese per fronteggiare l’emergenza sanitaria da Covid – 19.
The tourism industry is going through a period of transformation, in which more and more efforts are being made to study and understand the consumer behaviour. Indeed, nowadays customers choose tourism goods by the emotions they generate and new travellers are constantly looking for authenticity and unique experiences. As a matter of fact, in recent years, marketing has been developing an approach that aims to manage customer experiences. This means going beyond the traditional idea of holiday, typically identified by mass tourism, and guide the traveller towards the choice of the so-called experiential tourism where the experience is the key factor. Therefore, the “customer experience” or “guest experience” is a current and crucial issue for the tourism sector, representing a tool for communication, promotion and differentiation for accommodation companies at once. Moreover, a new form of tourism linked to the respect for nature and environmental protection is gaining ground as well. In this context, the “Albergo Diffuso”, halfway between a house and a hotel with a typically Italian flair, is a worthy example. It is an accommodation formula created with the aim of satisfying the needs of the” tourist – guest”, while paying attention to the growing demand for experiential tourism, the enhancement of the territory and the recovery of the existing building heritage.
The aim of this dissertation is to analyse how experiences have become essential in the tourism offer. In the first chapter, there is a presentation of the Italian tourism sector, with a focus on its history and its emerging forms, whose main factors are the active part of the consumer, the analysis of supply and demand, the rural and village tourism, and the experiential tourism. In this chapter, the literature on Customer Experience is presented as well and it concerns all the interactions that a consumer experiences during his customer journey with a company. The main authors of reference for the consumer experience are the following: Schmitt with "Experiential Marketing" and Pine and Gilmore founders of "Experience Marketing". The latter, focusing on the level of participation and immersion of the consumer, have identified four types of experiences: entertainment, education, immersion and evasion. In the second chapter, the formula of “Alberghi Diffusi” is analysed in detail, investigating its origins, its distinctive aspects, the Italian regulatory context, and its situation in Italy and abroad. In the third and final chapter, a qualitative research was conducted, analysing both the demand, in terms of knowledge of the ADs, and the offer of “Alberghi Diffusi” in order to understand how the experiences are used to generate memorable moments in life, to satisfy and retain the client. In conclusion, this research made possible to analyse and understand the experiential proposals offered in different realities, in order to enrich the value proposition and improve the competitive advantage considering Pine and Gilmore model. Finally yet importantly, the type of targets this tourism attract, how the company relates with the residents, the territory and the guests, and what actions have been taken to cope with the Covid – 19 emergency have also been studied and understood.
The tourism industry is going through a period of transformation, in which more and more efforts are being made to study and understand the consumer behaviour. Indeed, nowadays customers choose tourism goods by the emotions they generate and new travellers are constantly looking for authenticity and unique experiences. As a matter of fact, in recent years, marketing has been developing an approach that aims to manage customer experiences. This means going beyond the traditional idea of holiday, typically identified by mass tourism, and guide the traveller towards the choice of the so-called experiential tourism where the experience is the key factor. Therefore, the “customer experience” or “guest experience” is a current and crucial issue for the tourism sector, representing a tool for communication, promotion and differentiation for accommodation companies at once. Moreover, a new form of tourism linked to the respect for nature and environmental protection is gaining ground as well. In this context, the “Albergo Diffuso”, halfway between a house and a hotel with a typically Italian flair, is a worthy example. It is an accommodation formula created with the aim of satisfying the needs of the” tourist – guest”, while paying attention to the growing demand for experiential tourism, the enhancement of the territory and the recovery of the existing building heritage.
The aim of this dissertation is to analyse how experiences have become essential in the tourism offer. In the first chapter, there is a presentation of the Italian tourism sector, with a focus on its history and its emerging forms, whose main factors are the active part of the consumer, the analysis of supply and demand, the rural and village tourism, and the experiential tourism. In this chapter, the literature on Customer Experience is presented as well and it concerns all the interactions that a consumer experiences during his customer journey with a company. The main authors of reference for the consumer experience are the following: Schmitt with "Experiential Marketing" and Pine and Gilmore founders of "Experience Marketing". The latter, focusing on the level of participation and immersion of the consumer, have identified four types of experiences: entertainment, education, immersion and evasion. In the second chapter, the formula of “Alberghi Diffusi” is analysed in detail, investigating its origins, its distinctive aspects, the Italian regulatory context, and its situation in Italy and abroad. In the third and final chapter, a qualitative research was conducted, analysing both the demand, in terms of knowledge of the ADs, and the offer of “Alberghi Diffusi” in order to understand how the experiences are used to generate memorable moments in life, to satisfy and retain the client. In conclusion, this research made possible to analyse and understand the experiential proposals offered in different realities, in order to enrich the value proposition and improve the competitive advantage considering Pine and Gilmore model. Finally yet importantly, the type of targets this tourism attract, how the company relates with the residents, the territory and the guests, and what actions have been taken to cope with the Covid – 19 emergency have also been studied and understood.
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