Tesi etd-11112011-121821 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di dottorato di ricerca
Autore
BELLELLI, STEFANIA
URN
etd-11112011-121821
Titolo
Valutazioni economiche e Health Technology Assessment:
metodologie e applicazioni
Settore scientifico disciplinare
SECS-P/08
Corso di studi
TECNOLOGIE PER LA SALUTE: VALUTAZIONE E GESTIONE DELLE INNOVAZIONI NEL SETTORE BIOMEDICALE
Relatori
tutor Prof. TURCHETTI, Giuseppe
Parole chiave
- analisi di costo efficacia
- analisi di costo sociale
- cost effectiveness study
- cost of illness study
- Health care technologies
- revisione sistematica della letteratura
- sample study
- studio campionario
- systematic literature review
- tecnologie sanitarie
Data inizio appello
25/11/2011
Consultabilità
Completa
Riassunto
L’utilizzo di tecnologie sanitarie nello scenario sanitario attuale caratterizzato da un progressivo incremento della spesa sanitaria, da un aumento dei bisogni assistenziali a causa dell’invecchiamento della popolazione e dai rapidi progressi nelle conoscenze scientifiche e tecnologiche impone che il processo decisionale che le accompagna sia “informato” e “consapevole”, data la difficoltà del sistema sanitario nel reperimento e nell’allocazione delle risorse per le attività di prevenzione, cura e riabilitazione della popolazione assistita. Le valutazioni economiche rappresentano gli strumenti necessari per guidare le scelte circa l’adozione di una tecnologia sanitaria innovativa versus la tecnologia sanitaria tradizionale integrando aspetti clinici e di efficacia con considerazioni economiche. La prospettiva è estesa nel caso dell’Health Technology Assessment ad aspetti di sicurezza, di impatto sociale, legale, etico e politico per effettuare una valutazione globale delle tecnologie sanitarie. La tesi illustra il quadro di riferimento metodologico specifico delle valutazioni economiche in sanità attraverso la descrizione della progettazione di due tipologie di indagine quali gli studi di revisione sistematica della letteratura (studi secondari) e gli studi campionari (studi primari) per valutare i costi sociali e la costo efficacia di tecnologie sanitarie alternative. La metodologia per la progettazione degli studi di valutazione economica è applicata a casi diversi di tecnologie sanitarie per la diagnosi o il trattamento di patologie diverse quali i farmaci biologici per l’artrite reumatoide, gli impianti cocleari per l’ipoacusia, la chirurgia bariatrica per l’obesità e una combinazione di tecniche di imaging non invasive anatomo-funzionali per la diagnosi e la caratterizzazione della cardiopatia ischemica. La prospettiva sanitaria di valutazione dei costi delle tecnologie sanitarie è ampliata nel lavoro svolto in una di tipo sociale, considerando non solo i costi direttamente assorbiti dalle tecnologie e supportati dal sistema sanitario (costi diretti sanitari) ma anche i costi sostenuti dai pazienti, dalle famiglie e dal sistema produttivo e previdenziale (costi diretti non sanitari e indiretti). I risultati che emergono mettono in luce come i costi delle malattie gravino in modo rilevante su pazienti e famiglie, a causa principalmente dell’assistenza informale e delle perdite di produttività. Quindi l’investimento in tecnologie sanitarie se, da un lato, può incrementare la componente di spesa sanitaria, dall’altro, potrebbe portare benefici oltre che sulla salute dei pazienti, anche sul sistema produttivo, sul sistema socio assistenziale e sul sistema previdenziale. La crescente attenzione da parte dei decisori sanitari verso logiche e politiche che perseguono gli obiettivi di controllo e contenimento dei costi, dati i vincoli di efficacia promossi anche dal movimento dell’Evidence Based Medicine, richiede un sempre maggiore utilizzo delle valutazione economiche nei processi decisionali, incentivando una diffusione delle stesse. I risultati delle valutazioni economiche consentono di supportare le scelte dei decisori sanitari, fornendo la base informativa per le indicazioni di policy.
The current health care scenario is characterized by progressive increases in health spending and in care needs due to population aging and to rapid advances in scientific and technology knowledge. It requires that the decision-making process about the use of health care technologies should be "well-informed" and "aware", given the difficulty of the health care system in finding and allocating the resources for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the population assisted. Economic evaluations represent the necessary tools to guide decisions about the adoption of innovative health care technologies versus traditional ones by integrating clinical efficacy aspects with economic considerations. The Health Technology Assessment extended the economic analyses to safety, social impact, legal, ethical and political aspects to make a global assessment of health care technologies. The doctoral thesis describes the methodological framework of economic evaluations in health care by analyzing two types of research studies such as the systematic literature reviews (secondary studies) and sample studies (primary studies) aimed to assess the social costs and the cost effectiveness of alternative health care technologies. The methodologies are applied to different cases of health care technologies for the diagnosis or treatment of various diseases such as biologic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, cochlear implants for hearing loss, bariatric surgery for obesity and a combination of innovative non-invasive anatomo-functional imaging techniques for diagnosis and characterization of coronary artery disease. The health care perspective for cost evaluation of health care technologies has expanded to a social perspective by considering besides the costs directly absorbed by technology and supported by the health care system (direct medical costs) the costs borne by patients, families, the production system and social security system (direct non-medical costs and indirect costs). The results reveal how the costs are borne significantly by patients and families due to informal care and loss of productivity. So if the investment in health care technology, on the one hand, could increase the health care expenditure, on the other, could bring major benefits to the patients health of even on the production system, the social security system and welfare system. The health decision-makers attention towards policies of control and containment of cost given the constraints of efficacy (also promoted by the Evidence-Based Medicine) requires an increasing use of economic evaluation in decision-making process. The results of economic evaluations allow to support the choices of health care decision makers, providing the information basis for policy indications.
The current health care scenario is characterized by progressive increases in health spending and in care needs due to population aging and to rapid advances in scientific and technology knowledge. It requires that the decision-making process about the use of health care technologies should be "well-informed" and "aware", given the difficulty of the health care system in finding and allocating the resources for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of the population assisted. Economic evaluations represent the necessary tools to guide decisions about the adoption of innovative health care technologies versus traditional ones by integrating clinical efficacy aspects with economic considerations. The Health Technology Assessment extended the economic analyses to safety, social impact, legal, ethical and political aspects to make a global assessment of health care technologies. The doctoral thesis describes the methodological framework of economic evaluations in health care by analyzing two types of research studies such as the systematic literature reviews (secondary studies) and sample studies (primary studies) aimed to assess the social costs and the cost effectiveness of alternative health care technologies. The methodologies are applied to different cases of health care technologies for the diagnosis or treatment of various diseases such as biologic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, cochlear implants for hearing loss, bariatric surgery for obesity and a combination of innovative non-invasive anatomo-functional imaging techniques for diagnosis and characterization of coronary artery disease. The health care perspective for cost evaluation of health care technologies has expanded to a social perspective by considering besides the costs directly absorbed by technology and supported by the health care system (direct medical costs) the costs borne by patients, families, the production system and social security system (direct non-medical costs and indirect costs). The results reveal how the costs are borne significantly by patients and families due to informal care and loss of productivity. So if the investment in health care technology, on the one hand, could increase the health care expenditure, on the other, could bring major benefits to the patients health of even on the production system, the social security system and welfare system. The health decision-makers attention towards policies of control and containment of cost given the constraints of efficacy (also promoted by the Evidence-Based Medicine) requires an increasing use of economic evaluation in decision-making process. The results of economic evaluations allow to support the choices of health care decision makers, providing the information basis for policy indications.
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