Tesi etd-11062023-162851 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
BICCHIERAI, GIULIO
URN
etd-11062023-162851
Titolo
Riciclo chimico dei tessuti misti cotone/poliestere post-consumo mediante solventi profondamente eutettici DESs
Dipartimento
CHIMICA E CHIMICA INDUSTRIALE
Corso di studi
CHIMICA
Relatori
relatore Prof. Ciancaleoni, Gianluca
correlatore Prof.ssa Operamolla, Alessandra
controrelatore Prof. Di Fidio, Nicola
correlatore Prof.ssa Operamolla, Alessandra
controrelatore Prof. Di Fidio, Nicola
Parole chiave
- Cellulose nanocrystals
- Deep eutectic solvents
- Polycotton
Data inizio appello
11/12/2023
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
11/12/2093
Riassunto
L'utilizzo di indumenti ha sempre caratterizzato l'uomo sin dall'antichità. Con il trascorrere del tempo il concetto di abbigliamento è mutato sempre di più e di conseguenza sono cambiati anche i tempi di vita dei vestiti prodotti. Mentre, ad esempio, nel passato un capo di abbigliamento veniva realizzato "lentamente" e con il fine di essere duraturo. Oggi giorno, nello stesso tempo, vengono prodotti centinaia di capi. Inoltre, con il trascorrere del tempo, è cambiato anche la tipologia di materiali utilizzati per fabbricarli. Con la scoperta delle fibre sintetici, molto più economiche rispetto alle fibre naturali, oramai quasi tutti i capi di abbigliamento non sono più costituiti da un unico materiale. A fine vita, il riciclo di questi materiali misti è molto complicato, soprattutto a causa della loro complessità. Ad oggi, questi rifiuti o non vengono riciclati oppure sono riciclati mediante metodi poco ecologici (termovalorizzazione o riciclo meccanico). Non esiste un riciclo chimico o biochimico efficace e industrialmente applicato per riprendere i materiali costituenti di tali rifiuti. Negli ultimi anni ha preso sempre più interesse una tipologia di solventi molto particolari, i solventi profondamente eutettici (DESs). I DESs sono miscele costituite da due o più sostanze che si presentano liquide a temperatura ambiente. In questo lavoro di tesi è stato progettato un riciclo chimico efficace e ecocompatibile dei tessuti misti PET/cotone. Inoltre, non solo sono stati ottenuti i monomeri iniziali del PET, ma anche la cellulosa riciclata è stata convertita in un materiali di alto valore (nanocristalli di cellulosa, CNC).
The wearing of clothes has always characterised mankind since ancient times. With the passage of time, the concept of clothing has changed more and more, and consequently the lifespan of the clothes produced has also changed. Whereas, for example, in the past a garment was made 'slowly' and with the aim of being durable. Today, hundreds of garments are produced in the same time. Moreover, with the passage of time, the type of materials used to make them has also changed. With the discovery of synthetic fibres, which are much cheaper than natural fibres, almost all garments are no longer made of a single material. At the end of their life, the recycling of these mixed materials is very complicated, mainly due to their complexity. To date, these wastes are either not recycled or are recycled by environmentally unfriendly methods (waste-to-energy or mechanical recycling). There is no effective, industrially applied chemical or biochemical recycling to take back the constituent materials of such waste. In recent years, a very special type of solvents, the deeply eutectic solvents (DESs), has gained increasing interest. DESs are mixtures consisting of two or more substances that are liquid at room temperature. In this thesis work, an efficient and environmentally friendly chemical recycling of PET/cotton blends was designed. Not only were the initial PET monomers obtained, but also the recycled cellulose was converted into a high-value material (cellulose nanocrystals, CNC).
The wearing of clothes has always characterised mankind since ancient times. With the passage of time, the concept of clothing has changed more and more, and consequently the lifespan of the clothes produced has also changed. Whereas, for example, in the past a garment was made 'slowly' and with the aim of being durable. Today, hundreds of garments are produced in the same time. Moreover, with the passage of time, the type of materials used to make them has also changed. With the discovery of synthetic fibres, which are much cheaper than natural fibres, almost all garments are no longer made of a single material. At the end of their life, the recycling of these mixed materials is very complicated, mainly due to their complexity. To date, these wastes are either not recycled or are recycled by environmentally unfriendly methods (waste-to-energy or mechanical recycling). There is no effective, industrially applied chemical or biochemical recycling to take back the constituent materials of such waste. In recent years, a very special type of solvents, the deeply eutectic solvents (DESs), has gained increasing interest. DESs are mixtures consisting of two or more substances that are liquid at room temperature. In this thesis work, an efficient and environmentally friendly chemical recycling of PET/cotton blends was designed. Not only were the initial PET monomers obtained, but also the recycled cellulose was converted into a high-value material (cellulose nanocrystals, CNC).
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