Tesi etd-11032023-150912 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
CIARAVOLO, ALESSIA
URN
etd-11032023-150912
Titolo
Stile di parenting, validazione emotiva e disturbi internalizzanti ed esternalizzanti in adolescenza: un confronto tra campione clinico e di controllo.
Dipartimento
PATOLOGIA CHIRURGICA, MEDICA, MOLECOLARE E DELL'AREA CRITICA
Corso di studi
PSICOLOGIA CLINICA E DELLA SALUTE
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Smorti, Martina
correlatore Dott.ssa Milone, Annarita
correlatore Dott.ssa Milone, Annarita
Parole chiave
- adolescence
- Adolescenza
- care
- cura
- ders
- difficulties with emotion regulation scale
- emotional regulation
- emotional validation
- esternalizing
- esternalizzanti
- internalizing
- internalizzanti
- iperprotezione
- overprotection
- parental bonding instrument
- parenting style
- pbi
- promotion of autonomy
- promozione dell'autonomia
- regolazione emotiva
- stile genitoriale
- validazione emotiva
- youth self report
- ysr
Data inizio appello
23/11/2023
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
23/11/2093
Riassunto
L'adolescenza è la fase in cui gli individui hanno bisogno di esplorare la propria identità e adattarsi a cambiamenti fisici, sociali, cognitivi ed emotivi. Durante questa fase di sviluppo, tutti questi cambiamenti, però, possono costituire fattori di stress che di conseguenza portano gli adolescenti a sperimentare emozioni negative più intense, con il rischio di esiti negativi per la salute mentale in termini di disturbi internalizzanti ed esternalizzanti. Oltre ad un’alterazione nelle strategie di regolazione delle emozioni, un’altra dimensione emersa come un importante predittore è l’ambiente familiare definito principalmente da tre dimensioni: cura, iperprotezione e promozione dell'autonomia, che esprimono il grado di soddisfazione o frustrazione dei bisogni psicologici di base degli adolescenti. Il presente studio ha un primo obiettivo che è quello di analizzare, in una popolazione di adolescenti appartenenti al gruppo clinico e di controllo, se esistono differenze statisticamente significative in: A) disturbi comportamentali ed emotivi, B) percezione che gli adolescenti hanno del rapporto con i loro genitori, C) capacità di regolazione emotiva. Il secondo obiettivo, invece, è quello di valutare separatamente nel campione clinico e di controllo se la presenza dei disturbi comportamentali ed emotivi è in relazione con la percezione che gli adolescenti hanno della relazione con i loro genitori e con la capacità di regolazione emotiva degli adolescenti stessi. Il campione in questione è composto da 112 soggetti adolescenti, di cui 50 maschi (44,6%) e 62 femmine (55,4%) di età compresa tra i 12 e i 19 anni (età media = 15,08, DS = 1,59) e suddiviso in gruppo di controllo e gruppo clinico. Per quanto riguarda il gruppo clinico, questo è stato reclutato tra i soggetti con diagnosi (espresse secondo i criteri del DSM-5) alla Stella Maris ed è costituito da 57 adolescenti di cui 26 maschi e 31 femmine (45,6% maschi e 54,4% femmine) di età compresa tra i 12 e i 19 anni (età media = 14,84, DS = 1,53). Per quanto riguarda, invece, il gruppo di controllo questo è costituito da 55 adolescenti di cui 24 maschi e 31 femmine (43,6 % maschi e 56, 4% femmine) di età compresa tra i 14 e i 19 anni (età media = 15,33, DS = 1,62). Tutti i partecipanti hanno compilato un modulo per la raccolta dei dati socio-demografici (età, sesso, scuola e situazione familiare) ed una batteria di questionari self-report: lo Youth Self Report (YSR), il Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) e la Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Uno dei primi dati che emerge riguarda la presenza di una differenza significativa nel gruppo clinico rispetto a quello di controllo che raggiunge punteggi maggiori nelle sottoscale dello YSR relative ai problemi sociali, problemi del pensiero, problemi di attenzione e comportamento aggressivo, rispetto al gruppo di controllo. Dati effettivamente coerenti con le diagnosi dei soggetti con ADHD, disturbo della condotta e disturbo oppositivo-provocatorio, dove è ragionevole aspettarsi che il clinico abbia punteggi più elevati rispetto al controllo. Un’altra differenza statisticamente significativa la ritroviamo nella sottoscala DERS dell’impulso; anche in questo caso i clinici mostravano maggiori difficoltà a controllare gli impulsi quando c’erano in ballo delle emozioni negative rispetto ai controlli. In effetti, i clinici in questione avevano spesso una diagnosi di ADHD che giustifica i risultati ottenuti, sottolineando una importante inclinazione ad avere difficoltà con la regolazione delle emozioni che risultano altamente impulsive.
Adolescence is the period when individuals need to explore their identity and adapt to physical, social, cognitive and emotional changes. During this developmental stage, however, all these changes may constitute stressors that consequently lead adolescents to experience more intense negative emotions, with the risk of negative mental health outcomes in terms of internalizing and externalizing disorders. In addition to an alteration in emotion regulation strategies, another dimension that has emerged as an important predictor is the family environment defined mainly by three dimensions: caring, overprotection, and autonomy promotion, which express the degree to which adolescents' basic psychological needs are met or frustrated. The present study has a first objective which is to analyze, in a population of adolescents belonging to the clinical and control group, whether there are statistically significant differences in: A) behavioral and emotional disorders, B) adolescents' perceptions of their relationship with their parents, C) emotional regulation skills. The second objective, on the other hand, is to assess separately in the clinical and control sample whether the presence of behavioral and emotional disturbances is related to adolescents' perceptions of their relationship with their parents and adolescents' emotional regulation skills. The sample in question consisted of 112 adolescent subjects, including 50 males (44.6%) and 62 females (55.4%) aged 12 to 19 years (mean age = 15.08, SD = 1.59) and divided into control group and clinical group. As for the clinical group, this was recruited from subjects with diagnoses (expressed according to DSM-5 criteria) at Stella Maris and consisted of 57 adolescents including 26 males and 31 females (45.6% males and 54.4% females) aged 12 to 19 years (mean age = 14.84, SD = 1.53). As for the control group, on the other hand, this consisted of 55 adolescents including 24 males and 31 females (43.6 percent males and 56, 4 percent females) aged 14 to 19 years (mean age = 15.33, SD = 1.62). All participants completed a socio-demographic data collection form (age, gender, school, and family situation) and a battery of self-report questionnaires: the Youth Self Report (YSR), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). One of the first data to emerge concerns the presence of a significant difference in the clinician group compared to the control group achieving higher scores on the subscales of the YSR related to social problems, thinking problems, attention problems and aggressive behavior, compared to the control group. Data actually consistent with the diagnoses of subjects with ADHD, conduct disorder and oppositional-provocative disorder, where it is reasonable to expect the clinical to have higher scores than the control. Another statistically significant difference is found in the DERS subscale of impulse; again, clinicians showed greater difficulty controlling impulses when negative emotions were involved than controls. In fact, the clinicians in question often had a diagnosis of ADHD, which justifies the results obtained, underscoring an important inclination to have difficulties with emotion regulation that are highly impulsive.
Adolescence is the period when individuals need to explore their identity and adapt to physical, social, cognitive and emotional changes. During this developmental stage, however, all these changes may constitute stressors that consequently lead adolescents to experience more intense negative emotions, with the risk of negative mental health outcomes in terms of internalizing and externalizing disorders. In addition to an alteration in emotion regulation strategies, another dimension that has emerged as an important predictor is the family environment defined mainly by three dimensions: caring, overprotection, and autonomy promotion, which express the degree to which adolescents' basic psychological needs are met or frustrated. The present study has a first objective which is to analyze, in a population of adolescents belonging to the clinical and control group, whether there are statistically significant differences in: A) behavioral and emotional disorders, B) adolescents' perceptions of their relationship with their parents, C) emotional regulation skills. The second objective, on the other hand, is to assess separately in the clinical and control sample whether the presence of behavioral and emotional disturbances is related to adolescents' perceptions of their relationship with their parents and adolescents' emotional regulation skills. The sample in question consisted of 112 adolescent subjects, including 50 males (44.6%) and 62 females (55.4%) aged 12 to 19 years (mean age = 15.08, SD = 1.59) and divided into control group and clinical group. As for the clinical group, this was recruited from subjects with diagnoses (expressed according to DSM-5 criteria) at Stella Maris and consisted of 57 adolescents including 26 males and 31 females (45.6% males and 54.4% females) aged 12 to 19 years (mean age = 14.84, SD = 1.53). As for the control group, on the other hand, this consisted of 55 adolescents including 24 males and 31 females (43.6 percent males and 56, 4 percent females) aged 14 to 19 years (mean age = 15.33, SD = 1.62). All participants completed a socio-demographic data collection form (age, gender, school, and family situation) and a battery of self-report questionnaires: the Youth Self Report (YSR), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). One of the first data to emerge concerns the presence of a significant difference in the clinician group compared to the control group achieving higher scores on the subscales of the YSR related to social problems, thinking problems, attention problems and aggressive behavior, compared to the control group. Data actually consistent with the diagnoses of subjects with ADHD, conduct disorder and oppositional-provocative disorder, where it is reasonable to expect the clinical to have higher scores than the control. Another statistically significant difference is found in the DERS subscale of impulse; again, clinicians showed greater difficulty controlling impulses when negative emotions were involved than controls. In fact, the clinicians in question often had a diagnosis of ADHD, which justifies the results obtained, underscoring an important inclination to have difficulties with emotion regulation that are highly impulsive.
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