ETD

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Tesi etd-10132020-172536


Tipo di tesi
Tesi di specializzazione (4 anni)
Autore
NOVI, MARTINA
URN
etd-10132020-172536
Titolo
Trait and state effects of Substance Use Disorder on brain structure in ADHD patients
Dipartimento
MEDICINA CLINICA E SPERIMENTALE
Corso di studi
PSICHIATRIA
Relatori
relatore Prof. Perugi, Giulio
relatore Prof. Maremmani, Icro
Parole chiave
  • substance use disorder
  • attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  • substance non-medical use
  • structural imaging
  • cortical thickness
  • subcortical volume
Data inizio appello
16/11/2020
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
16/11/2090
Riassunto
Several studies separately investigated the neurobiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD), showing overlapping morphological abnormalities and suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Little is known about the combined effect of ADHD and SUD on brain morphology and it is unclear to what extent family history (trait) and/or substance non-medical use (state) effects explain the observed overlap. Our aim was to examine the effects of (i) SUD family history (FH) and (ii) substance non-medical use on brain structure in ADHD population and controls. (iii) We also explored if FH density could have different impact on brain morphology. (i) We investigated SUD trait effects on prefrontal cortical thickness (CT) and subcortical volumes (SCV) in ADHD patients and controls with and without FH (ADHD-FH+: n=139; ADHD-FH-: n=86; controls-FH+: n=60; controls-FH-: n=74). (ii) Then, we tested SUD state effects by comparing FH-matched ADHD patients with and without substance non-medical use and controls (ADHD+SNM, ADHD-only and controls, n=68 per group.(iii) Furthermore, we explored whether FH effects were more pronounced in subjects with SUD in both parents (n=63) compared to subjects with one SUD parent (n=105) and without FH (n=160.(i) Trait analysis revealed that there was no main FH effect on prefrontal CT, while the finding of a bigger putamen in FH+ did not survive after correction for multiple comparisons. (ii) In state analyisis, ADHD+SM showed decreased CT in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to controls, while no difference was found between ADHD-only and ADHD+SM or controls. We did not find any effect of substance use on subcortical volumes. (iii) Subjects with SUD in both parents showed decreased thickness of IFG and volume of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), compared to those with one SUD parent and those without FH. Substance misuse in ADHD might result in smaller IFG, which is in line with findings in SUD-literature. Greater SUD FH density suggests premorbid alterations in inhibitory control and reward networks. Future studies should investigate the potential role of these regions in term of treatment and prevention strategies.
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