Tesi etd-10112020-170115 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
BARONE, SIMONA
URN
etd-10112020-170115
Titolo
Il dramma satiresco nel Simposio di Platone
Dipartimento
FILOLOGIA, LETTERATURA E LINGUISTICA
Corso di studi
FILOLOGIA E STORIA DELL'ANTICHITA'
Relatori
relatore Prof. Tulli, Mauro
Parole chiave
- dramma satiresco
- Plato
- Platone
- satyr play
- Simposio
- Symposium
Data inizio appello
16/11/2020
Consultabilità
Tesi non consultabile
Riassunto
Questo studio si concentra sulla sezione finale del Simposio di Platone, sezione che contiene il discorso che Alcibiade rivolge ai convitati con il chiaro intento di fornire al contempo un’accusa e un elogio di Socrate, considerato dal giovane il “vero Eros”, figura dalla personalità straordinaria (un essere demonico e ricolmo di doti prodigiose). Lo scopo della ricerca è ritrovare, all’interno del discorso di Alcibiade e più in generale nell’intero Simposio – dialogo dal carattere prettamente drammatico – quegli elementi che in maniera evidente o più implicitamente testimonino un contatto con il genere (o meglio, sottogenere) del dramma satiresco, forse l’esperienza più particolare del teatro attico e la meno conosciuta a causa lo scarso materiale superstite. L’analisi degli elementi del dramma satiresco che si ritrovano all’interno del discorso di Alcibiade giuda l’intera indagine, articolandosi in più parti. Più precisamente, il primo capitolo è dedicato ad una presentazione generica del dialogo platonico qui esaminato, con lo scopo di mettere in evidenza l’occasione del simposio, il contesto storico-culturale, i personaggi; grande attenzione è riservata a quegli elementi del Simposio - che già buona parte della critica ha individuato – che provano il carattere drammatico dell’opera e informano anche circa il particolare e controverso rapporto tra Platone e la poesia drammatica, qui concepita come strettamente legata alla filosofia, che pure la sovrasta. Il primo capitolo presenta anche una breve sintesi degli aspetti peculiari del discorso di Alcibiade, al fine di preparare al meglio l’indagine che ne segue. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato ad un’analisi riassuntiva della natura e della storia del dramma satiresco attico, così da metterne in evidenza gli aspetti e le caratteristiche che sono poi ricercati nel discorso di Alcibiade: quest’ultimo, con l’analisi degli elementi satireschi e la descrizione di Socrate-Sileno, occupa il terzo capitolo, la parte più rilevante e ampia del lavoro. Una particolare attenzione è riservata alla figura di Alcibiade e quella di Socrate, secondo quanto il testo suggerisce e in base alle interpretazioni che vengono qui sostenute, presentati da Platone come un giovane satiro e un vecchio sileno che dialogano e si confrontano, in un gioco di confronti e specchi in cui l’uno è il riflesso dell’altro; talvolta il contatto con la produzione iconografica di V-IV sec. a.C. è considerato utile al fine di avvalorare le tesi avanzate. La relazione, amorosa e dunque reale ma anche “letteraria” che Platone crea e descrive trova maggiore approfondimento nel quarto e ultimo capitolo della tesi che analizza la dinamica erotica: questa vede Alcibiade e Socrate protagonisti e permette forse un ulteriore e totale scambio dei ruoli. La scelta del dramma satiresco, al quale nelle parole di Socrate il discorso di Alcibiade su Socrate medesimo è assimilato, aggiunge informazioni sull’idea che Platone doveva avere del dramma antico, forma alta di conoscenza e rappresentazione, riflesso ancora incompleto e imperfetto della filosofia di cui il Socrate-Sileno del Simposio è il rappresentante: con la sua commistione perfettamente calibrata di tragico e comico il dramma satiresco è il modo forse più adeguato per descrivere la grandezza di Socrate e forse, in ultima analisi, della filosofia stessa. Platone, attraverso le parole del satiro – e poi satirografo – Alcibiade, ci fornisce un assaggio della meravigliosa e ultraumana natura del maestro, e ci conferma che “il vero poeta è colui che scrive sia commedia che tragedia” così come il dialogo platonico combina insieme, nell’analizzare costantemente l’insegnamento socratico, il serio e il comico. Alcibiade assurge in questo modo alla funzione di un “tramite”, un mezzo, letterario e anche drammatico per parlare di Socrate come vero Eros, come essere a metà tra il divino e l’umano, come una personalità intermedia tra i duplici aspetti del reale (obbiettivo ricercato e ottenuto proprio grazie al paragone con il dramma satiresco): colui che come Socrate è sintesi di serio e comico, di esteriorità ridicola e profonda interiorità, è vero filosofo, nella stessa misura in cui colui che mette insieme il tragico e il comico nelle sue creazioni letterarie è il vero poeta, proprio come fa Platone nei suoi dialoghi e soprattutto nel Simposio, la cui verità traspare abilmente solo all’ultimo, mediante l’esperienza del dramma satiresco di Alcibiade.
This study on Plato’ Symposium analyzes Alcibiades’ speech, which is the final section of the Platonic dialogue, in order to consider the particular relationship between Alcibiades and Socrates. A lot of studies were carried out about this interesting final scene that the Symposium presents, especially for the Alcibiades’ sudden incoming at the banquet and his praise of Socrates, compared to the mythological figure of the Silenus, due to his physical appearance and his moral behaviour. The aim of this research is to analyze the “satiric” elements in Alcibiades’ speech, in order to explain the connection between one of the most important and famous Plato’s dialogues and the satyr play, to which Plato himself relates, although sometimes only through implied relating. This study starts with a summary of the sections of the Symposium and also with a short Alcibiades presentation; in the first chapter, one of the goals is to pay attention to the dramatic nature of the dialogues, organized as a “Dionysian Festival”. Secondly, the main features of Greek satyr play are analyzed, in order to understand the connection between this dramatic genre and Alcibiades’ speech. The third chapter focuses on Alcibiades look and behaviour at the banquet, and on his speech, which is at the same time a praise and a charge of Socrates. Also Alcibiades’ incoming leads us to see satiric elements: for instance, he is crowned of ivy, as Dionysus, the god of wine and satyrs (some examples of pottery are considered in order to prove that people in Athens of the fifth century know this special iconography and this relationship between Dionysus and satyrs). Initially, we try to see how and why Alcibiades describes Socrates comparing him to a Silenus, and his speeches to a particular kind of ancient Greek small pottery, shaped as little Silenoi: as this pottery, ugly on the outside but with divine wonder inside, Socrates is also a wonderful creature who hides great moral qualities. Other Socrates features make him similar to a Silenus: he can drink a lot of wine without been drunk or he can overcome troubles thanks to his power and his courage in battle. As Alcibiades explains, Socrates is a wonderful man, and he puts together human and celestial elements, just like the satyr play combines tragic and comic elements. A lot of attention was given to the last part of the speech, which focuses on Alcibiades’ aim, that is he wants to present him not only as a Silenus – strange, ugly but prodigious- but also as a god, Eros. We focus on this section in order to understand the erotic relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades, and to explain how, as lovers, they exchange their roles, becoming alternately “lover” and “loved”. The fourth chapter analyzes this erotic relation and the purpose is seeing how the Silenus Socrates is loved by the young “satyr” Alcibiades and vice versa: the two characters are involved in an exchange of roles in the erotic dynamic and through his literary description by Plato. Overall, Alcibiades seems to be the character chosen by Plato to describe Socrates and his true nature, and this goal is achieved through a comparison between these two lovers. The old Silenus and the young satyr, the lover and the loved, look and exchange to each other, describe themselves and create a wonderful relation, in the name of satyr play and its duality and his ambiguity. Finally, the last scene of the dialogue, which offers an important question on the relation between tragedy, comedy and philosophy and asks who is the best poet, concludes the Symposium, and leads us to say that probably Plato is the best poet, because he can combine comedy and tragedy in his dialogues and especially in Socrates’ description, as Alcibiades can do with his “satyr play”.
This study on Plato’ Symposium analyzes Alcibiades’ speech, which is the final section of the Platonic dialogue, in order to consider the particular relationship between Alcibiades and Socrates. A lot of studies were carried out about this interesting final scene that the Symposium presents, especially for the Alcibiades’ sudden incoming at the banquet and his praise of Socrates, compared to the mythological figure of the Silenus, due to his physical appearance and his moral behaviour. The aim of this research is to analyze the “satiric” elements in Alcibiades’ speech, in order to explain the connection between one of the most important and famous Plato’s dialogues and the satyr play, to which Plato himself relates, although sometimes only through implied relating. This study starts with a summary of the sections of the Symposium and also with a short Alcibiades presentation; in the first chapter, one of the goals is to pay attention to the dramatic nature of the dialogues, organized as a “Dionysian Festival”. Secondly, the main features of Greek satyr play are analyzed, in order to understand the connection between this dramatic genre and Alcibiades’ speech. The third chapter focuses on Alcibiades look and behaviour at the banquet, and on his speech, which is at the same time a praise and a charge of Socrates. Also Alcibiades’ incoming leads us to see satiric elements: for instance, he is crowned of ivy, as Dionysus, the god of wine and satyrs (some examples of pottery are considered in order to prove that people in Athens of the fifth century know this special iconography and this relationship between Dionysus and satyrs). Initially, we try to see how and why Alcibiades describes Socrates comparing him to a Silenus, and his speeches to a particular kind of ancient Greek small pottery, shaped as little Silenoi: as this pottery, ugly on the outside but with divine wonder inside, Socrates is also a wonderful creature who hides great moral qualities. Other Socrates features make him similar to a Silenus: he can drink a lot of wine without been drunk or he can overcome troubles thanks to his power and his courage in battle. As Alcibiades explains, Socrates is a wonderful man, and he puts together human and celestial elements, just like the satyr play combines tragic and comic elements. A lot of attention was given to the last part of the speech, which focuses on Alcibiades’ aim, that is he wants to present him not only as a Silenus – strange, ugly but prodigious- but also as a god, Eros. We focus on this section in order to understand the erotic relationship between Socrates and Alcibiades, and to explain how, as lovers, they exchange their roles, becoming alternately “lover” and “loved”. The fourth chapter analyzes this erotic relation and the purpose is seeing how the Silenus Socrates is loved by the young “satyr” Alcibiades and vice versa: the two characters are involved in an exchange of roles in the erotic dynamic and through his literary description by Plato. Overall, Alcibiades seems to be the character chosen by Plato to describe Socrates and his true nature, and this goal is achieved through a comparison between these two lovers. The old Silenus and the young satyr, the lover and the loved, look and exchange to each other, describe themselves and create a wonderful relation, in the name of satyr play and its duality and his ambiguity. Finally, the last scene of the dialogue, which offers an important question on the relation between tragedy, comedy and philosophy and asks who is the best poet, concludes the Symposium, and leads us to say that probably Plato is the best poet, because he can combine comedy and tragedy in his dialogues and especially in Socrates’ description, as Alcibiades can do with his “satyr play”.
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