Tesi etd-10052023-144544 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
SAPPINO, FABIO
Indirizzo email
f.sappino@studenti.unipi.it, fabiosappino@gmail.com
URN
etd-10052023-144544
Titolo
"La nostra maggiore figura africana". Jacopo Gasparini (1879-1941), la politica periferica e le direttrici coloniali del Fascismo
Dipartimento
SCIENZE POLITICHE
Corso di studi
STUDI INTERNAZIONALI
Relatori
relatore Prof. Paoli, Simone
Parole chiave
- colonialism
- colonialismo
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Etiopia
- fascism
- fascismo
- Gasparini
- italian foreign policy
- Mussolini
- politica estera italiana
- Somalia
- Yemen
Data inizio appello
23/10/2023
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
23/10/2063
Riassunto
Questa tesi intende ricostruire una biografia politica di Jacopo Gasparini (1879-1941), funzionario coloniale in Somalia, governatore italiano d’Eritrea tra il 1923 e il 1928, senatore, imprenditore e commissario politico in Etiopia. Gasparini fu l’artefice di un’originale azione periferica diretta verso lo Yemen e l’Etiopia che aveva l’obiettivo di rendere la Colonia Eritrea il centro d’irradiazione economica e politica nel mar Rosso e nel Corno d’Africa. Figura di transizione tra l’amministrazione coloniale di età liberale e dell’epoca fascista, negli anni ’20 Jacopo Gasparini intuì le potenzialità del territorio yemenita come “polmone asiatico” per la politica coloniale italiana, avviando un’opera di graduale penetrazione nella penisola arabica che permise all’Italia di diventare il principale partner di Sana’a. La diplomazia personale del governatore permise di insidiare il predominio di Londra nel mar Rosso rifornendo di armi il Regno dello Yemen, in ostilità con il Protettorato britannico di Aden. Rimosso dal suo incarico per la sua politica sovversiva e condotta in eccessiva autonomia, la figura di Gasparini venne comunque ritenuta indispensabile dal Fascismo per le proprie politiche coloniali. Fu così che negli anni ’30 al “governatore-ombra” furono riassegnate le redini delle relazioni italo-yemenite la conduzione di una missione segreta durante le prime fasi dell’aggressione dell’Etiopia, dove avrebbe sfruttato i suoi buoni rapporti con i notabili etiopi per spianare diplomaticamente la strada all’invasione militare italiana. Attraverso lo studio della letteratura e dei documenti, anche inediti, dell’Archivio Centrale dello Stato, dell’Archivio del Ministero degli Affari Esteri e dell'Archivio Storico del Ministero dell'Africa Italiana, si è cercato di ricostruire la storia personale di Gasparini e di dimostrare come la sua politica originale di irradiazione politica abbia influito nell’evoluzione della politica estera e coloniale italiana.
ENG
This thesis aims to reconstruct the political biography of Jacopo Gasparini (1879-1941), colonial official in Somalia, Italian governor of Eritrea between 1923 and 1928, senator, entrepreneur and political commissar in Ethiopia. Gasparini was the author of an original peripheral action directed towards Yemen and Ethiopia that had the objective of making the Eritrean Colony the center of economic and political irradiation in the Red Sea and in the Horn of Africa. A figure of transition between the colonial administration of the liberal age and the fascist era, in the '20s Jacopo Gasparini sensed the potential of the Yemeni territory as an "Asian lung" for Italian colonial policy, starting a work of gradual penetration into the Arabian peninsula that allowed Italy to become the main partner of Sana'a. The governor's personal diplomacy allowed London to undermine the dominance of the Red Sea by supplying arms to the Kingdom of Yemen, in hostility with the British Protectorate of Aden. Removed from office for his subversive policy because it was conducted in excessive autonomy, the figure of Gasparini was still considered indispensable by Fascism for its colonial policies. So it was that in the 30s the "shadow governor" was took again the reins of Italian-Yemeni relations to conduct a secret mission during the early stages of Ethiopia's aggression, where he would exploit his good relations with Ethiopian notables to diplomatically pave the way for the Italian military invasion. Through the study of literature and documents, even unpublished, of the Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Archivio Storico del Ministero degli Affari esteri and the Archivio Storico del Ministero dell'Africa Italiana, we have tried to reconstruct Gasparini's personal history and to demonstrate how his original policy of political irradiation influenced the evolution of Italian foreign and colonial policy.
ENG
This thesis aims to reconstruct the political biography of Jacopo Gasparini (1879-1941), colonial official in Somalia, Italian governor of Eritrea between 1923 and 1928, senator, entrepreneur and political commissar in Ethiopia. Gasparini was the author of an original peripheral action directed towards Yemen and Ethiopia that had the objective of making the Eritrean Colony the center of economic and political irradiation in the Red Sea and in the Horn of Africa. A figure of transition between the colonial administration of the liberal age and the fascist era, in the '20s Jacopo Gasparini sensed the potential of the Yemeni territory as an "Asian lung" for Italian colonial policy, starting a work of gradual penetration into the Arabian peninsula that allowed Italy to become the main partner of Sana'a. The governor's personal diplomacy allowed London to undermine the dominance of the Red Sea by supplying arms to the Kingdom of Yemen, in hostility with the British Protectorate of Aden. Removed from office for his subversive policy because it was conducted in excessive autonomy, the figure of Gasparini was still considered indispensable by Fascism for its colonial policies. So it was that in the 30s the "shadow governor" was took again the reins of Italian-Yemeni relations to conduct a secret mission during the early stages of Ethiopia's aggression, where he would exploit his good relations with Ethiopian notables to diplomatically pave the way for the Italian military invasion. Through the study of literature and documents, even unpublished, of the Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Archivio Storico del Ministero degli Affari esteri and the Archivio Storico del Ministero dell'Africa Italiana, we have tried to reconstruct Gasparini's personal history and to demonstrate how his original policy of political irradiation influenced the evolution of Italian foreign and colonial policy.
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