Tesi etd-10022019-105753 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
BIANCHINI, VANESSA
URN
etd-10022019-105753
Titolo
Studio dell'Hippo pathway nei carcinomi tiroidei poco differenziati
Dipartimento
BIOLOGIA
Corso di studi
BIOLOGIA APPLICATA ALLA BIOMEDICINA
Relatori
relatore Basolo, Fulvio
Parole chiave
- carcinoma tiroideo poco differenziato (PDTC)
- Hippo pathway
- mutazioni driver
- mutazioni secondarie
- terapia radioiodio (RAI)
- thyroid differentiation score (TDS)
- YAP1
Data inizio appello
21/10/2019
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
21/10/2089
Riassunto
Il tumore alla tiroide è il tipo più comune di neoplasia del sistema endocrino. Nei carcinomi della tiroide poco differenziato (PDTC), oltre alle tipiche mutazioni “driver” nei geni RAS e BRAF, sono spesso presenti alterazioni secondarie, frequentemente associate ad un fenotipo più aggressivo. Tra queste le più importanti sono le alterazioni che interessano PTEN, PI3KCA, TP53, EIF1AX ed il promotore di TERT. Per spiegare il fenotipo poco differenziato dei PDTC si è pensato di studiare l’Hippo pathway, una via di segnalazione molto importante che regola sia la proliferazione che il differenziamento cellulare. La perdita della normale regolazione dell’Hippo pathway porta ad un’anomala crescita cellulare e al de-differenziamento cellulare e ha un ruolo fondamentale nella progressione di varie neoplasie, anche di quelle tiroidee. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato di valutare un possibile coinvolgimento dell’Hippo pathway nel processo di de-differenziamento del carcinoma tiroideo. In questo studio è emerso che un profilo di espressione dell’Hippo pathway sembra essere associato ad una elevata espressione di TERT e ad un basso grado di differenziamento, valutato tramite il Thyroid Differentiation Score (TDS). Il TDS inoltre correlava positivamente con l’espressione del modulo chinasico dell’Hippo pathway. Invece l’espressione di TERT risulta essere correlata negativamente con il TDS. Queste correlazioni confermano il probabile coinvolgimento dell’Hippo pathway nella de-differenziazione dei carcinomi tiroidei e meritano ulteriori approfondimenti poiché potrebbero avere dei risvolti in ambito clinico.
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of tumor of the endocrine system. In poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), in addition to the typical "driver" mutations in the RAS and BRAF genes, secondary alterations are often present, frequently associated with a more aggressive phenotype, typical of PDTC. Among these the most important are the alterations affecting PTEN, PI3KCA, TP53, EIF1AX and the TERT promoter. To explain the poorly differentiated PDTC phenotype it was decided to study the Hippo pathway, an important signaling pathway that modulates both cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The loss of the normal regulation of the Hippo pathway leads to an abnormal cell growth and to cell de-differentiation, determining an important role in the progression of various tumors, even of the thyroid ones. The aim of this work was to evaluate a possible involvement of the Hippo pathway in the process of de-differentiation of thyroid carcinoma. In this study it was found that an expression profile of the Hippo pathway appears to be associated with a high expression of TERT and a low degree of differentiation, evaluated through the evaluation of the Thyroid Differentiation Score (TDS). The TDS also positively correlated with the expression of the kinase module of the Hippo pathway. Instead the expression of TERT results to be negatively correlated with the TDS. These correlations confirm the probable involvement of the Hippo pathway in the de-differentiation of thyroid carcinomas and deserve further investigation as they could have implications in the clinical setting.
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of tumor of the endocrine system. In poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), in addition to the typical "driver" mutations in the RAS and BRAF genes, secondary alterations are often present, frequently associated with a more aggressive phenotype, typical of PDTC. Among these the most important are the alterations affecting PTEN, PI3KCA, TP53, EIF1AX and the TERT promoter. To explain the poorly differentiated PDTC phenotype it was decided to study the Hippo pathway, an important signaling pathway that modulates both cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The loss of the normal regulation of the Hippo pathway leads to an abnormal cell growth and to cell de-differentiation, determining an important role in the progression of various tumors, even of the thyroid ones. The aim of this work was to evaluate a possible involvement of the Hippo pathway in the process of de-differentiation of thyroid carcinoma. In this study it was found that an expression profile of the Hippo pathway appears to be associated with a high expression of TERT and a low degree of differentiation, evaluated through the evaluation of the Thyroid Differentiation Score (TDS). The TDS also positively correlated with the expression of the kinase module of the Hippo pathway. Instead the expression of TERT results to be negatively correlated with the TDS. These correlations confirm the probable involvement of the Hippo pathway in the de-differentiation of thyroid carcinomas and deserve further investigation as they could have implications in the clinical setting.
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