Tesi etd-09252021-102648 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
MUSSI, LUCA
URN
etd-09252021-102648
Titolo
Strategie di contenimento delle micotossine su cece: le specie reattive dell'azoto e dell'ossigeno
Dipartimento
SCIENZE AGRARIE, ALIMENTARI E AGRO-AMBIENTALI
Corso di studi
PRODUZIONI AGROALIMENTARI E GESTIONE DEGLI AGROECOSISTEMI
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Pellegrini, Elisa
relatore Dott.ssa Sarrocco, Sabrina
controrelatore Prof. Antichi, Daniele
relatore Dott.ssa Sarrocco, Sabrina
controrelatore Prof. Antichi, Daniele
Parole chiave
- azoto (nitrogen)
- Cicer arietinum
- micotossine (mycotoxins)
- ozono (ozone)
- post-raccolta (post-harvest)
Data inizio appello
11/10/2021
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
11/10/2061
Riassunto
Le micotossine (MT) sono naturalmente presenti nei prodotti destinati all’alimentazione umana e animale. L’attenzione del mondo scientifico e delle autorità sanitarie nei riguardi di questa problematica è notevole, in quanto le MT possono determinare effetti nocivi sulla salute. Tra le tecniche di contenimento dei livelli di MT si annovera la conservazione in atmosfera modificata, che rappresenta un metodo green/environment-friendly per la protezione degli alimenti in post-raccolta e una valida alternativa all’impiego di agrofarmaci. Scopo del presente studio è stato quello di valutare l’effetto dei trattamenti con azoto (N2, 99,0% per 21 giorni consecutivi) e ozono gassoso (O3, 500 ppb per 30, 60 e 90 minuti) sulla presenza di funghi filamentosi e MT (aflatossine e patulina; determinate mediante indagini cromatografiche) in semi di cece (Cicer arietinum L.). Il trattamento con N2 ha determinato un decremento della carica microbica nella granella inizialmente contaminata con Penicillium spp. (identificato tramite indagine morfologica al microscopio ottico e molecolare in seguito al sequenziamento della regione ITS), esclusivamente nei lotti che risultavano meno infetti. Tuttavia, si è registrata una marcata riduzione del contenuto di aflatossine totali e patulina (-94% come media rispetto al materiale di controllo non trattato). L’esposizione con O3 ha evidenziato effetti significativi sull’incidenza di Penicillium spp. per tutti i tempi d’esposizione (-52, -40 e -54%, dopo 30, 60 e 90 minuti, rispettivamente). In tali condizioni operative, già a partire da 30 minuti di contatto, è stato osservato un calo evidente dei livelli di MT prese in esame (-85 e -100% per patulina e aflatossine totali, rispettivamente). Nonostante i promettenti risultati, ulteriori indagini si rendono necessarie al fine di valutare un possibile utilizzo (su vasta scala) di queste tecniche in virtù dei loro eventuali effetti in termini di qualità del prodotto e dell’assenza di riferimenti normativi e tecnico-scientifici.
Mycotoxins (MT) are naturally present in products destined to human and animal nutrition. The attention of the scientific world and the health authorities on this issue is considerable, because MT can cause negative effects on health. Among the techniques for the containment of MT levels there is the modified atmosphere storage, which represents a green/environment-friendly method for the protection of post-harvest food and a valid alternative to the use of pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the treatments with nitrogen (N2, 99.0% for 21 consecutive days) and ozone gas (O3, 500 ppb for 30, 60 and 90 minutes) on the presence of filamentous fungi and MT (aflatoxins and patulin; determined by chromatographic investigations) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. The treatment with N2 determined a decrease in the microbial load in the grain initially contaminated with Penicillium spp. (identified by morphological investigation under optical and molecular microscopy following the sequencing of the ITS region), exclusively in the lots that were less infected. However, there was a marked reduction in the content of total aflatoxins and patulin (-94% as an average compared to the untreated control material). Exposure with O3 showed significant effects on the incidence of Penicillium spp. for all exposure times (-52, -40 and -54%, after 30, 60 and 90 minutes, respectively). Under these operating conditions, a clear decrease in the levels of MTs under investigation was observed as early as 30 min of contact (-85 and -100% for patulin and total aflatoxins, respectively). Despite the promising results, further investigations are necessary in order to evaluate a possible use (on a large scale) of these techniques by virtue of their possible effects in terms of product quality and the absence of regulatory and technical-sci
Mycotoxins (MT) are naturally present in products destined to human and animal nutrition. The attention of the scientific world and the health authorities on this issue is considerable, because MT can cause negative effects on health. Among the techniques for the containment of MT levels there is the modified atmosphere storage, which represents a green/environment-friendly method for the protection of post-harvest food and a valid alternative to the use of pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the treatments with nitrogen (N2, 99.0% for 21 consecutive days) and ozone gas (O3, 500 ppb for 30, 60 and 90 minutes) on the presence of filamentous fungi and MT (aflatoxins and patulin; determined by chromatographic investigations) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. The treatment with N2 determined a decrease in the microbial load in the grain initially contaminated with Penicillium spp. (identified by morphological investigation under optical and molecular microscopy following the sequencing of the ITS region), exclusively in the lots that were less infected. However, there was a marked reduction in the content of total aflatoxins and patulin (-94% as an average compared to the untreated control material). Exposure with O3 showed significant effects on the incidence of Penicillium spp. for all exposure times (-52, -40 and -54%, after 30, 60 and 90 minutes, respectively). Under these operating conditions, a clear decrease in the levels of MTs under investigation was observed as early as 30 min of contact (-85 and -100% for patulin and total aflatoxins, respectively). Despite the promising results, further investigations are necessary in order to evaluate a possible use (on a large scale) of these techniques by virtue of their possible effects in terms of product quality and the absence of regulatory and technical-sci
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