• differential
• epicyclic gear
• torque vectoring
• yaw moment

Nowadays, vehicle dynamics enhancement plays a key role for most of the automotive companies. Technical developments of the last twenty years made torque-vectoring an effective way to improve the stability and the performances of a vehicle. Many different systems have been analysed and produced since first studies on wheel torque distribution optimisation have been made. Through a standard analysis procedure, this article clarifies the definition of a Torque Vectoring System (TVS) and shows the mechanical and performance differences between the major torque-vectoring systems, discussing the different characteristics of the most used actuation typologies. Eventually, a categorization and a final comparison in terms of yaw moment capability and efficiency are carried out.