Tesi etd-07122022-113710 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di specializzazione (3 anni)
Autore
BURGASSI, BEATRICE
URN
etd-07122022-113710
Titolo
Analisi delle cause delle macellazioni d'urgenza condotte in Toscana nel triennio 2019-2021
Dipartimento
SCIENZE VETERINARIE
Corso di studi
ISPEZIONE DEGLI ALIMENTI DI ORIGINE ANIMALE
Relatori
relatore Prof. Armani, Andrea
relatore Dott.ssa Tinacci, Lara
relatore Dott.ssa Tinacci, Lara
Parole chiave
- animal welfare
- autorità competente
- benessere animale
- competent authority
- emergency slaughter
- legislation
- macellazione d'urgenza
- microbiological tests
- normativa
- test microbiologici
Data inizio appello
29/07/2022
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
29/07/2092
Riassunto
In conformità alle disposizioni previste dal Regolamento (CE) 853/2004, possono essere ammessi alla macellazione speciale d’urgenza (MSU) soltanto ungulati domestici, per il resto sani, che hanno subito un incidente (evento traumatico “accident”) che ne impedisce il trasporto al macello per considerazioni relative al loro benessere: sono pertanto esclusi dalla macellazione d’urgenza al di fuori del macello gli animali ritenuti non trasportabili per cause diverse da quella sopra riportata. Le risultanze dell’audit condotto dalla Commissione Europea DGSANTE in Italia nel 2021, hanno messo in evidenza come le cause che hanno consentitola MSU di bovini non rispondevano ai criteri stabiliti dalla legislazione dell’UE. Pertanto, alla luce di questi risultati è stata pubblicata a livello nazionale la Circolare DGSAN 13895/2022 “Indicazioni operative in caso di macellazione d’urgenza al di fuori del macello”. Nel presente lavoro di tesi sono stati quindi raccolti e analizzati i dati inerenti le MSU effettuate nelle tre aree funzionali di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare della regione Toscana – Toscana Centro, Toscana Nord-Ovest e Toscana Sud-Est – nel triennio 2019-2021, al fine di analizzare le cause che hanno condotto a tale esecuzione. Il lavoro ha avuto, quindi, lo scopo di analizzare nel dettaglio regionale le motivazioni che hanno portato all’esecuzione delle MSU, anche alla luce della suddetta circolare. Infine, è stata condotta un’analisi sui test microbiologici effettuati dalle sedi dell’IZSLT per confrontarli con le indicazioni rinvenute in letteratura e valutarne l’idoneità ad esprimere un giudizio circa la sicurezza e conseguente commerciabilità delle carni derivanti da MSU. Sono stati raccolti, estrapolati ed analizzati i dati provenienti dal SIL, SIEV e BDN, insieme alla visione dei certificati sanitari e/o dei verbali per esami microbiologici e chimici a corredo della visita post mortem. I dati sui test analitici sono stati esaminati alla luce dello studio di Beghetto et al. (2018), delle LG regionali del Veneto e della Circolare DGSAN 13895/2022. Dei 568 animali inizialmente inclusi ne sono stati selezionati 327 che hanno risposto a tutti i parametri di inclusione dello studio, questi animali sono stati macellati principalmente nella fascia centro-meridionale della Toscana. Le principali cause di MSU sono state, in linea con la letteratura, i traumi post incidente (69,72%) con principale localizzazione agli arti posteriori, seguite dalle complicazioni post partum (20,80%). Il 9,48% delle cause di MSU è ascrivibile alla categoria identificata con “altro”, che racchiude casi di problematiche urinarie, digestive, metaboliche, circolatorie, neurologiche e comportamentali. Per quanto riguarda i test microbiologici, nel 100% dei casi in tutti i laboratori della Regione è stata eseguita la ricerca di Salmonella spp. sul muscolo in quanto principale criterio di sicurezza alimentare; è stata poi riscontrata una difformità nella selezione dei test analitici effettuati tra le varie sedi ma un mantenimento del panel di esami per ogni sede. In generale sono risultati idonei per permettere al Veterinario Ufficiale di esprimere un giudizio circa l’idoneità al consumo della carcassa. In conclusione, le cause di MSU in Toscana nel triennio in esame sono risultate in linea con la letteratura ma, come confermato dalle risultanze dell’audit, a volte non perfettamente rispondenti ai requisiti europei; è emersa inoltre la necessità di uniformare il panel di richiesta analitica a livello nazionale ed è in questa necessità di armonizzazione nazionale che la Circolare 13895 del 05/04/2022 trova la sua ratio.
In accordance with the provisions set forth in Regulation (EC) 853/2004, only otherwise healthy domestic ungulates that have suffered an accident (a traumatic "accident" event) that prevents their transport to the slaughterhouse for welfare considerations may be eligible for special emergency slaughter (MSU).Therefore, animals deemed untransportable for causes other than the above are excluded from emergency slaughter outside the slaughterhouse. The findings of the audit conducted by the European Commission DGSANTE in Italy in 2021, highlighted that the causes that allowed the MSU of cattle did not meet the criteria established by EU legislation. Therefore, in light of these findings, Circular DGSAN 13895/2022 "Operational directions in case of emergency slaughter outside the slaughterhouse" was published at the national level. Therefore, in the present thesis work, data concerning MSUs carried out in the three functional areas of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety of the Tuscany region - Toscana Centro, Toscana Nord-Ovest and Toscana Sud-Est - in the three-year period 2019-2021 were collected and analyzed in order to analyze the causes that led to such execution. The purpose of the work was, therefore, to analyze in regional detail the reasons that led to the execution of MSUs, also in light of the aforementioned circular. Finally, an analysis was conducted on the microbiological tests carried out by the IZSLT offices to compare them with the indications found in the literature and assess their suitability to make a judgment about the safety and consequent marketability of meat derived from MSU. Data from SIL, SIEV, and BDN were collected, extrapolated, and analyzed, along with viewing health certificates and/or microbiological and chemical test reports accompanying the postmortem examination. Analytical test data were reviewed in light of the study by Beghetto et al. (2018), the Veneto Regional LGs, and DGSAN Circular 13895/2022. Of the 568 animals initially included, 327 were selected that met all the inclusion parameters of the study; these animals were slaughtered mainly in the central-southern part of Tuscany. The main causes of MSU were, in line with the literature, postaccident trauma (69.72%) with main localization to the hind limbs, followed by postpartum complications (20.80%). Of the causes of MSU, 9.48% were attributable to the category identified with "other," which encompasses cases of urinary, digestive, metabolic, circulatory, neurological and behavioral problems. Regarding microbiological tests, in 100% of cases in all laboratories in the region, Salmonella spp. was performed on muscle as the main criterion of food safety; there was then a dissimilarity in the selection of analytical tests performed between locations but a maintenance of the panel of tests for each location. In general, they were found to be suitable to allow the Official Veterinarian to make a judgment about the fitness for consumption of the carcass. In conclusion, the causes of MSU in Tuscany during the three-year period under review were in line with the literature but, as confirmed by the audit findings, at times not perfectly meeting European requirements; the need to standardize the analytical request panel at the national level also emerged, and it is in this need for national harmonization that Circular 13895 of 05/04/2022 finds its rationale.
In accordance with the provisions set forth in Regulation (EC) 853/2004, only otherwise healthy domestic ungulates that have suffered an accident (a traumatic "accident" event) that prevents their transport to the slaughterhouse for welfare considerations may be eligible for special emergency slaughter (MSU).Therefore, animals deemed untransportable for causes other than the above are excluded from emergency slaughter outside the slaughterhouse. The findings of the audit conducted by the European Commission DGSANTE in Italy in 2021, highlighted that the causes that allowed the MSU of cattle did not meet the criteria established by EU legislation. Therefore, in light of these findings, Circular DGSAN 13895/2022 "Operational directions in case of emergency slaughter outside the slaughterhouse" was published at the national level. Therefore, in the present thesis work, data concerning MSUs carried out in the three functional areas of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety of the Tuscany region - Toscana Centro, Toscana Nord-Ovest and Toscana Sud-Est - in the three-year period 2019-2021 were collected and analyzed in order to analyze the causes that led to such execution. The purpose of the work was, therefore, to analyze in regional detail the reasons that led to the execution of MSUs, also in light of the aforementioned circular. Finally, an analysis was conducted on the microbiological tests carried out by the IZSLT offices to compare them with the indications found in the literature and assess their suitability to make a judgment about the safety and consequent marketability of meat derived from MSU. Data from SIL, SIEV, and BDN were collected, extrapolated, and analyzed, along with viewing health certificates and/or microbiological and chemical test reports accompanying the postmortem examination. Analytical test data were reviewed in light of the study by Beghetto et al. (2018), the Veneto Regional LGs, and DGSAN Circular 13895/2022. Of the 568 animals initially included, 327 were selected that met all the inclusion parameters of the study; these animals were slaughtered mainly in the central-southern part of Tuscany. The main causes of MSU were, in line with the literature, postaccident trauma (69.72%) with main localization to the hind limbs, followed by postpartum complications (20.80%). Of the causes of MSU, 9.48% were attributable to the category identified with "other," which encompasses cases of urinary, digestive, metabolic, circulatory, neurological and behavioral problems. Regarding microbiological tests, in 100% of cases in all laboratories in the region, Salmonella spp. was performed on muscle as the main criterion of food safety; there was then a dissimilarity in the selection of analytical tests performed between locations but a maintenance of the panel of tests for each location. In general, they were found to be suitable to allow the Official Veterinarian to make a judgment about the fitness for consumption of the carcass. In conclusion, the causes of MSU in Tuscany during the three-year period under review were in line with the literature but, as confirmed by the audit findings, at times not perfectly meeting European requirements; the need to standardize the analytical request panel at the national level also emerged, and it is in this need for national harmonization that Circular 13895 of 05/04/2022 finds its rationale.
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