Tesi etd-07042014-104126 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di specializzazione (3 anni)
Autore
MARIANELLI, SERENA
URN
etd-07042014-104126
Titolo
UTILIZZO DEL DOSAGGIO SERICO DEL PROGESTERONE NELLA PRATICA CLINICA DEL CANE
Dipartimento
SCIENZE VETERINARIE
Corso di studi
PATOLOGIA E CLINICA DEGLI ANIMALI D'AFFEZIONE
Relatori
relatore Dott.ssa Rota, Alessandra
Parole chiave
- cane
- ciclo estrale
- gravidanza
- parto
- progesterone
Data inizio appello
24/07/2014
Consultabilità
Completa
Riassunto
Scopo della tesi: I veterinari che si occupano di riproduzione dei piccoli animali hanno bisogno di una efficiente quantificazione del progesterone (P4) sierico per identificare il momento giusto dell’accoppiamento o dell’inseminazione artificiale, per predire la data del parto, per programmare un cesareo (C-S) o per monitorare condizioni patologiche. Lo scopo della tesi è stato quello di descrivere e valutare l’utilizzo del dosaggio del P4 nella pratica clinica. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio è stato effettuato nell’arco di tre anni utilizzando diversi casi clinici pervenuti all’Ospedale Didattico Veterinario dell’Università di Pisa e all’Ambulatorio Veterinario Dott. Biondi. I casi sono stati così suddivisi: A. per monitorare il ciclo estrale, in associazione alla citologia vaginale; B. per monitorare la gravidanza; C. per predire la data del parto dal giorno dell’ovulazione (OV); D. per programmare un C-S; E. per gestire casi clinici. Per il dosaggio del P4 è stato utilizzato principalmente il metodo FEIA (AIA®-360, Tosoh Corp., Japan), oppure l’ELISA semi-quantitativo (Ovulation Test®) o la chemiluminescenza. Risultati: A. Nei 56 cicli estrali valutati abbiamo osservato in anestro (7 campioni) una concentrazione media di P4 pari a 0,38±0,14ng/ml (range 0,29-0,68), in proestro (14 campioni) 1,03±0,67ng/ml (range 0,31-2,56) ed in estro (72 campioni) 6,8±7,49 ng/ml (range 0,37-32,2). In diestro sono stati valutati 2 soli campioni: 6,7 e >44 ng/ml. B. 8 casi clinici: 1 controllo a metà gestazione (per infertilità precedente), 1 nell’ultimo terzo (per lattazione precoce e mastite); 5 controlli a termine, per stimare la data del parto o per C-S; 1 gravidanza patologica (terminata con l’aborto). C. La durata della gravidanza, dal giorno stimato dell’OV, è stata di 62,9±1,8gg (range 60-67gg). In 13/22 (59,1%) la durata della gravidanza è stata di 63±1gg, in 19/22 (86,30%) è stata di 63±2gg e in 21/22 casi è stata di 63±3gg (95.5%). In due la gestazione è stata di 60gg (8 e 9 cuccioli) e in uno di 67gg (4 cuccioli). D. 5 casi di dosaggio di P4 a termine gestazione: 0.82, 2.22 ng/ml (FEIA), tra <1 e 1-2,5 ng/ml (Ovulation-Test®), 1-2,5 ng/ml (Ovulation-Test®) il giorno stesso del C-S; 3,67 ng/ml, il giorno prima del C-S. In tutti i cesarei abbiamo ottenuto il 100% di sopravvivenza dei cuccioli, che erano in numero di 5, 5, 3, 8 e 1. E. Casi clinici: Anestro primario; Estro persistente; Gravidanza/piometra; Piometra; Infertilità; Endometrite. Conclusioni: A. Abbiamo ottenuto una buona concordanza fra citologia vaginale e dosaggio di P4 nel periodo dell’anestro e del proestro, mentre c’è stata una maggiore variabilità nel valutare l’estro (range 0,37-32,2). Questo perché citologia vaginale è talvolta ambigua, e in alcuni casi un proestro è stato considerato come un estro. B. Il dosaggio del P4 in gravidanza è risultato utile per gestire i casi clinici e per indicare il termine della gestazione. C. L’accuratezza nella predizione della data del parto da quella stimata dell’OV con il metodo FEIA è comparabile a quanto osservato precedentemente in letteratura. D. I risultati per C-S programmato, sebbene scarsi, sono comparabili con quelli riportati in letteratura. E. Il dosaggio del P4 è risultato essere importante per la diagnosi, la prognosi e la terapia, nei diversi casi clinici analizzati.
Abstract
Keywords: Dog, Progesterone, estrous cycle, pregnancy, parturition.
Aim of the thesis: Veterinarians working in the field of small animals reproduction need reliable quantifications of serum progesterone (P4), in order to identify the best time for mating or artificial insemination, to predict the day when parturition will occur, to decide when a cesarean section (C-S) should be performed, or to evaluate pathological conditions. The aim of the thesis was to describe and evaluate the use of serum P4 quantification in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: the study includes the clinical cases received at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Pisa University and at Ambulatorio Veterinario Dott. Biondi in the last 3 years. Clinical cases were divided and evaluated as follow: A. evaluation of estrous cycle, in association to vaginal cytology; B. evaluation of pregnancy; C. prediction of the day of parturition from the estimated day of ovulation (OV); D. elective C-S; E. clinical cases. To evaluate P4 concentration, in most cases a FEIA method (AIA®-360, Tosoh Corp., Japan) was employed, otherwise a semi-quantitative ELISA (Ovulation Test®) or a chemiluminescence assay were used. Results: A. In the 56 evaluated estrous cycles we have observed in anestrus (7 samples) a mean P4 concentration of 0.38±0.14ng/ml (range 0.29-0.68), in proestrus (14 samples) 1.03±0.67ng/ml (range 0.31-2.56) and in estrus (72 samples) 6.8±7.49 ng/ml (range 0.37-32.2). In diestrus only two samples were evaluated: 6.7 and >44 ng/ml. B. clinical cases were 8: 1 evaluation at mid-gestation (previous infertility), 1 in the last third (for precocious lactation and mastitis); 5 evaluations at term, to estimate the day of parturition of C-S; 1 pathologic pregnancy (ended with abortion). C. pregnancy length, from the estimated day of OV, was 62.9±1.8 days (range 60-67 days). In 13/22 bitches (59.1%) pregnancy length was 63±1 days, in 19/22 (86,30%) was 63±2 days and in 21/22 cases was 63±3 days (95.5%). In two bitches gestation lasted 60 days (8 e 9 puppies) and in one 67 days (4 puppies). D. In 5 bitches at term gestation P4 was 0.82, 2.22 ng/ml (FEIA), between <1 and 1-2,5 ng/ml (Ovulation-Test®) and 1-2,5 ng/ml (Ovulation-Test®) on the day of C-S, or 3.67 ng/ml on the day before C-S. In all C-S a 100% survival of the puppies (5, 5, 3, 8 and 1) was obtained. E. Clinical cases: primary anestrus; prolonged estrus; pregnancy/pyometra; pyometra; infertility; endometritis. Conclusions: A. we have obtained a good correspondence between vaginal cytology and P4 evaluation during anestrus and proestrus, while a higher variability was seen during estrus (range 0.37-32.2). This because vaginal cytology is sometimes ambiguous, and thus in some cases a proestrus was considered an estrus. B. P4 evaluation during pregnancy resulted to be useful to manage clinical cases and to indicate pregnancies at term. C. The accuracy in the prediction of parturition date prom the day of OV estimated by the FEIA method is comparable to what previously reported in literature. D. The results for elective C-S, although scarce, appear comparable to what previously reported in literature. E. Serum P4 evaluation was important in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, in the evaluated clinical cases.
Abstract
Keywords: Dog, Progesterone, estrous cycle, pregnancy, parturition.
Aim of the thesis: Veterinarians working in the field of small animals reproduction need reliable quantifications of serum progesterone (P4), in order to identify the best time for mating or artificial insemination, to predict the day when parturition will occur, to decide when a cesarean section (C-S) should be performed, or to evaluate pathological conditions. The aim of the thesis was to describe and evaluate the use of serum P4 quantification in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: the study includes the clinical cases received at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Pisa University and at Ambulatorio Veterinario Dott. Biondi in the last 3 years. Clinical cases were divided and evaluated as follow: A. evaluation of estrous cycle, in association to vaginal cytology; B. evaluation of pregnancy; C. prediction of the day of parturition from the estimated day of ovulation (OV); D. elective C-S; E. clinical cases. To evaluate P4 concentration, in most cases a FEIA method (AIA®-360, Tosoh Corp., Japan) was employed, otherwise a semi-quantitative ELISA (Ovulation Test®) or a chemiluminescence assay were used. Results: A. In the 56 evaluated estrous cycles we have observed in anestrus (7 samples) a mean P4 concentration of 0.38±0.14ng/ml (range 0.29-0.68), in proestrus (14 samples) 1.03±0.67ng/ml (range 0.31-2.56) and in estrus (72 samples) 6.8±7.49 ng/ml (range 0.37-32.2). In diestrus only two samples were evaluated: 6.7 and >44 ng/ml. B. clinical cases were 8: 1 evaluation at mid-gestation (previous infertility), 1 in the last third (for precocious lactation and mastitis); 5 evaluations at term, to estimate the day of parturition of C-S; 1 pathologic pregnancy (ended with abortion). C. pregnancy length, from the estimated day of OV, was 62.9±1.8 days (range 60-67 days). In 13/22 bitches (59.1%) pregnancy length was 63±1 days, in 19/22 (86,30%) was 63±2 days and in 21/22 cases was 63±3 days (95.5%). In two bitches gestation lasted 60 days (8 e 9 puppies) and in one 67 days (4 puppies). D. In 5 bitches at term gestation P4 was 0.82, 2.22 ng/ml (FEIA), between <1 and 1-2,5 ng/ml (Ovulation-Test®) and 1-2,5 ng/ml (Ovulation-Test®) on the day of C-S, or 3.67 ng/ml on the day before C-S. In all C-S a 100% survival of the puppies (5, 5, 3, 8 and 1) was obtained. E. Clinical cases: primary anestrus; prolonged estrus; pregnancy/pyometra; pyometra; infertility; endometritis. Conclusions: A. we have obtained a good correspondence between vaginal cytology and P4 evaluation during anestrus and proestrus, while a higher variability was seen during estrus (range 0.37-32.2). This because vaginal cytology is sometimes ambiguous, and thus in some cases a proestrus was considered an estrus. B. P4 evaluation during pregnancy resulted to be useful to manage clinical cases and to indicate pregnancies at term. C. The accuracy in the prediction of parturition date prom the day of OV estimated by the FEIA method is comparable to what previously reported in literature. D. The results for elective C-S, although scarce, appear comparable to what previously reported in literature. E. Serum P4 evaluation was important in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, in the evaluated clinical cases.
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