Tesi etd-05102016-121839 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea specialistica LC5
Autore
FUSI, ROBERTA
URN
etd-05102016-121839
Titolo
Indagini sulle mastiti bovine: aspetti diagnostici e microbiologici
Dipartimento
SCIENZE VETERINARIE
Corso di studi
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Relatori
relatore Fratini, Filippo
correlatore Bonelli, Francesca
controrelatore Prof. Cerri, Domenico
correlatore Bonelli, Francesca
controrelatore Prof. Cerri, Domenico
Parole chiave
- bovina da latte
- dairy cow
- diagnosi
- diagnosis
- mastite
- mastitis
- microbiologia
- microbiological examination
Data inizio appello
31/05/2016
Consultabilità
Completa
Riassunto
RIASSUNTO. Le patologie a carico dell’apparato mammario, specialmente di carattere infettivo, rappresentano ancora uno dei principali problemi dell’allevamento bovino da latte e, nonostante decenni di ricerche, continuano ad essere una delle principali cause di perdite economiche, a causa della continua evoluzione delle tecniche di allevamento e della notevole capacità di adattamento alle nuove situazioni epidemiologiche degli agenti patogeni. La possibilità di eseguire una diagnosi precoce di mastite cliniche e subcliniche attraverso metodi semplici e fruibili in campo, risulta ad oggi un ramo di investigazione scientifica estremamente importante. Scopo del presente lavoro è stato quello di valutare aspetti diagnostici e microbiologici su bovine con almeno un quarto positivo al Calfornia Mastitis Test (CMT), ma in assenza di alterazioni all’Esame Obiettivo Particolare (EOP) dell’apparato mammario, dunque con presuntiva mastite subclinica. Sono stati inclusi 39 animali e 156 quarti di bovini in lattazione di un allevamento intensivo. Per ciascun quarto sono stati valutati il CMT ed è stato eseguito un esame batteriologico completo, con la valutazione del pH e l’identificazione dei microrganismi coinvolti. I risultati ottenuti sono stati espressi come prevalenze sul totale di animali e quarti inclusi. E’ stata valutata la distribuzione dei dati del pH con il test di Kolmogorov-Smirnov ed è stato poi applicato il test di Spearman per la valutazione di eventuali correlazioni fra alterazioni di pH e alterazioni microbiologiche dei campioni di latte. I risultati ottenuti hanno confermato la validità del CMT come test di screening per la mastite subclinica in campo e il ruolo di gold standard diagnostico per l’esame batteriologico dei campioni di latte. Non sono state evidenziate correlazioni fra alterazioni del pH e esame batteriologico, confermando che il pH non risulta un metodo di indagine valide per le mastiti bovine. La popolazione batterica maggiormente isolata è stata rappresentata da Stafilococchi coagulasi negativi, a conferma di quanto riportato in letteratura che le mastiti subcliniche maggiormente diffuse nell’allevamento bovino siano quelle di tipo “ambientale”, causate dai suddetti microrganismi.
SUMMARY. Diseases of the udder, especially infectious diseases such as mastitis, still represent one of the main dairy industry problems. Despite decades of research, mastitis still remain on of the major causes of economic losses, due to the continuing evolution of breeding techniques and the ability of pathogens to adapt to new epidemiological situations. Finding an early method of diagnosis for clinical and subclinical mastitis in field, would be the goal of next scientific investigation. The aim of this work was to evaluate diagnostic and microbiological aspects of bovine milk samples in cows with at least one quarter positive to California Mastitis Test (CMT), but no alterations to the mammary gland examination. Thirty-nine lactating cows from an intensive dairy farm were included in the present study, with a total of 156 quarters sampled. Each milk sample were evaluated with CMT and were submitted for a complete microbiological examination. Microbiological examination included evaluation of pH and identification of microorganisms involved. The results obtained were expressed as prevalences. Data distribution for pH results was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Then, a Spearman test was applied in order to assess any correlations between alteration of pH values and microbiological changes in milk samples. The results obtained confirmed the validity of CMT as a screening test for subclinical mastitis in the field and the role bacteriological examination as a diagnostic gold standard test for mastitis. No correlations were found between pH changes and bacteriological results, confirming that pH value is not a good method for investigation of bovine mastitis. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. was the major bacterial population isolated in our samples, confirming that these bacteria still remain the most widespread etiological agents of subclinical mastitis in cows.
SUMMARY. Diseases of the udder, especially infectious diseases such as mastitis, still represent one of the main dairy industry problems. Despite decades of research, mastitis still remain on of the major causes of economic losses, due to the continuing evolution of breeding techniques and the ability of pathogens to adapt to new epidemiological situations. Finding an early method of diagnosis for clinical and subclinical mastitis in field, would be the goal of next scientific investigation. The aim of this work was to evaluate diagnostic and microbiological aspects of bovine milk samples in cows with at least one quarter positive to California Mastitis Test (CMT), but no alterations to the mammary gland examination. Thirty-nine lactating cows from an intensive dairy farm were included in the present study, with a total of 156 quarters sampled. Each milk sample were evaluated with CMT and were submitted for a complete microbiological examination. Microbiological examination included evaluation of pH and identification of microorganisms involved. The results obtained were expressed as prevalences. Data distribution for pH results was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Then, a Spearman test was applied in order to assess any correlations between alteration of pH values and microbiological changes in milk samples. The results obtained confirmed the validity of CMT as a screening test for subclinical mastitis in the field and the role bacteriological examination as a diagnostic gold standard test for mastitis. No correlations were found between pH changes and bacteriological results, confirming that pH value is not a good method for investigation of bovine mastitis. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. was the major bacterial population isolated in our samples, confirming that these bacteria still remain the most widespread etiological agents of subclinical mastitis in cows.
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