Tesi etd-05092022-141041 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
RICCIARDI, ROSANNA
URN
etd-05092022-141041
Titolo
Studio di metilazione di geni candidati in pazienti con disturbo dello spettro autistico ed in soggetti a sviluppo tipico
Dipartimento
BIOLOGIA
Corso di studi
BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE E CELLULARE
Relatori
relatore Prof.ssa Migliore, Lucia
relatore Dott. Stoccoro, Andrea
tutor Prof. Scarpato, Roberto
relatore Dott. Stoccoro, Andrea
tutor Prof. Scarpato, Roberto
Parole chiave
- ASD
- autism spectrum disorder
- disturbo dello spettro autistico
- DNA methylation
- metilazione del DNA
- miR-28
- miRNA
Data inizio appello
24/05/2022
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
24/05/2092
Riassunto
Il Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico è una sindrome comportamentale causata da un disordine dello sviluppo con esordio nei primi tre anni di vita con una prevalenza di circa 1 su 87 in Italia. Le cause alla base dell’ASD non sono ancora note, sebbene sia fattori genetici che ambientali sono implicati nella sua eziopatogenesi. Inoltre, ci sono sempre più prove a sostegno del possibile ruolo delle alterazioni epigenetiche nell'eziologia dell’ASD, in particolare alterati livelli di metilazione del DNA e alterati profili di espressione di specifici miRNA. Questo studio ha indagato la metilazione di geni codificanti miRNA (miR-30e, miR-23/27a, miR-28, miR-92a-1, miR-92a-2, miR-21) e di geni associati con ASD (RELN, OXTR e BDNF) in DNA estratto da saliva di bambine in età prescolare con ASD idiopatico (n=11) e a sviluppo tipico (n=13) con l’obiettivo di individuare possibili biomarcatori epigenetici della malattia. Una loro eventuale associazione con fattori di rischio prenatali è stata valutata mediante la somministrazione di un questionario alle madri delle bambine. L’analisi di metilazione del DNA è stata investigata mediante la tecnica Methylation Sensitive-High Resolution Melting. Una differenza di metilazione significativa (p=0.04) tra bambine ASD e bambine di controllo è stata osservata per il gene mir-28, il quale è risultato essere più demetilato nelle bambine ASD. Inoltre, miR-28 è risultato essere l’unico gene differenzialmente metilato tra le bambine con diagnosi di ASD lieve e ASD moderato (p=0.02), in particolare è risultato essere più demetilato nelle bambine con diagnosi del disturbo moderata. Nessun fattore di rischio tra quelli valutati dal questionario è risultato essere associato ai livelli di metilazione del miR-28. In conclusione, i risultati del presente di lavoro di tesi suggeriscono che la metilazione del gene miR-28 è alterata in campioni salivari risultando un potenziale biomarcatore per l’ASD. Ulteriori studi su un gruppo più ampio di individui dovranno essere condotti per confermare i risultati ottenuti.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behavioural syndrome caused by a developmental disorder with onset in the first three years of life with a prevalence of about 1 child in 87 in Italy. The underlying causes of ASD are not yet completely understood, although both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in its etiopathogenesis. Moreover, there is increasing evidence supporting the possible role of epigenetic alterations in the aetiology of ASD, in particular altered levels of DNA methylation and altered expression profiles of specific miRNAs. The study investigated methylation levels of genes encoding miRNAs (miR-30e, miR-23/27a, miR-28, miR-92a-1, miR-92a-2, miR-21) and of genes associated with ASD (RELN, OXTR and BDNF) in DNA extracted from saliva of preschool girls with idiopathic ASD (n=11) and from age-matched typical development girls (n=13), with the aim of identifying possible epigenetic biomarkers of the disease. A possible association with prenatal risk factors was assessed by the administration of a questionnaire to the girls’ mothers. DNA methylation analysis was investigated using the Methylation Sensitive-High Resolution Melting technique. A significant difference in methylation (p=0.04) between ASD and control girls was observed for the mir-28 gene, which was more demethylated in ASD girls. In addition, mir-28 was the only gene differentially methylated between girls diagnosed with low and moderate ASD (p=0.02), which was more demethylated in girls diagnosed with moderate ASD. No risk factor among those assessed by the questionnaire was found to be associated with miR-28 methylation levels. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that miR-28 gene methylation is altered in salivary samples of ASD patients, potentially providing a peripheral biomarker for the disease. Further studies on a larger group of individuals should be conducted to confirm the results obtained.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behavioural syndrome caused by a developmental disorder with onset in the first three years of life with a prevalence of about 1 child in 87 in Italy. The underlying causes of ASD are not yet completely understood, although both genetic and environmental factors are implicated in its etiopathogenesis. Moreover, there is increasing evidence supporting the possible role of epigenetic alterations in the aetiology of ASD, in particular altered levels of DNA methylation and altered expression profiles of specific miRNAs. The study investigated methylation levels of genes encoding miRNAs (miR-30e, miR-23/27a, miR-28, miR-92a-1, miR-92a-2, miR-21) and of genes associated with ASD (RELN, OXTR and BDNF) in DNA extracted from saliva of preschool girls with idiopathic ASD (n=11) and from age-matched typical development girls (n=13), with the aim of identifying possible epigenetic biomarkers of the disease. A possible association with prenatal risk factors was assessed by the administration of a questionnaire to the girls’ mothers. DNA methylation analysis was investigated using the Methylation Sensitive-High Resolution Melting technique. A significant difference in methylation (p=0.04) between ASD and control girls was observed for the mir-28 gene, which was more demethylated in ASD girls. In addition, mir-28 was the only gene differentially methylated between girls diagnosed with low and moderate ASD (p=0.02), which was more demethylated in girls diagnosed with moderate ASD. No risk factor among those assessed by the questionnaire was found to be associated with miR-28 methylation levels. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that miR-28 gene methylation is altered in salivary samples of ASD patients, potentially providing a peripheral biomarker for the disease. Further studies on a larger group of individuals should be conducted to confirm the results obtained.
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