Tesi etd-04302021-193119 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale LM5
Autore
POLSINELLI, ERIKA
URN
etd-04302021-193119
Titolo
Eustrongylides sp. in prodotti della pesca di acqua dolce: revisione della letteratura e riscontri in Atherina boyeri
Dipartimento
SCIENZE VETERINARIE
Corso di studi
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
Relatori
relatore Prof. Armani, Andrea
correlatore Dott.ssa Susini, Francesca
correlatore Dott.ssa Susini, Francesca
Parole chiave
- fish products
- food quality
- food safety
- nematodes
- nematodi
- prodotti ittici
- qualità alimentare
- sicurezza alimentare
- zoonoses
- zoonosi
Data inizio appello
28/05/2021
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
28/05/2091
Riassunto
Negli ultimi anni il consumo di piatti a base di pesce crudo, anche di acqua dolce, è aumentato. In assenza di adeguate misure di prevenzione, ciò può favorire la trasmissione di zoonosi parassitarie. Tra i parassiti zoonotici trasmessi dal consumo di pesci dulciacquicoli vi sono i nematodi del genere Eustrongylides, per i quali numerose specie ittiche possono comportarsi da secondi ospiti intermedi o paratenici. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di eseguire una revisione bibliografica sulla presenza di Eustrongylides spp. nelle specie ittiche a livello mondiale e, inoltre, di indagarne la presenza in campioni di latterino (Atherina boyeri) pescati nel lago di Massaciuccoli (Toscana, Italia). E’ stata eseguita una ricerca bibliografica su due database scientifici (Google Scholar e Pubmed) con le parole chiave “Eustrongylides AND fish”; in seguito alla selezione secondo criteri di inclusione predefiniti, sono stati revisionati 61 articoli scientifici relativi al periodo 2015-2020. In tali articoli sono state analizzate 101 specie e 6 diversi generi. E’ stata riscontrata positività ad Eustrongylides spp. in 67 specie ed un genere, con valori di prevalenza molto variabili (0,13-100%). La maggior parte degli studi è stata condotta in Brasile, Italia, Iran, Turchia e in diversi paesi dell’Europa orientale. I parassiti sono stati riscontrati sia a livello viscerale che muscolare. L’identificazione nella maggior parte dei casi è stata ottenuta solamente mediante esame morfologico. Le dieci specie maggiormente indagate (>3 studi) sono risultate: Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpio, Esox lucius, Hoplias malabaricus, Micropterus salmoides, Oreochromis niloticus, Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus, Sander lucioperca e Silurus glanis. Per queste sono stati presentati e discussi prevalenza, area geografica, sede del parassita, metodica di analisi ed identificazione. Per quanto riguarda la parte sperimentale, sono stati esaminati mediante ispezione visiva e successiva digestione artificiale 3317 campioni di latterino, pescati tra agosto ed ottobre 2019. In totale sono stati riscontrati 75 nematodi localizzati sia a livello viscerale che muscolare (P: 2,3%; 95% CI 1,8-2,8; MA: 0,02; MI: 1), successicamente identificati con analisi molecolari come E. excisus. La revisione della letteratura mostra che Eustrongylides spp. è presente in un ampio range di specie e con un’ampia distribuzione geografica, con valori di prevalenza in crescita in alcune aree. Il crescente riscontro, anche in Italia, di larve di Eustrongylides spp. in specie ittiche di interesse commerciale, come il latterino, richiede ulteriori studi per meglio determinare il possibile impatto negativo sulla qualità dei prodotti ittici e il rischio sanitario per i consumatori. A questo proposito, un maggior uso delle metodiche molecolari per mappare le varie specie di Eustrongylides, sia negli animali che nei casi umani, sarebbe particolarmente auspicabile.
In the last few years, raw fish dishes consumption increased, including freshwater fishes. If preventive measures are not correctly put in place, this could favor the transmission of parasitic zoonosis. Among the zoonotic parasites transmitted by consuming freshwater fish, there are the nematodes of the genus Eustrongylides, for which several fish species can act as second intermediate or paratenic hosts. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a literature review on the global occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. in fish species, as well as to investigate their presence in big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) from Lake Massaciuccoli (Tuscany, Italy). A bibliographic research was carried out on two scientific databases (Google Scholar and Pubmed) with the keywords “Eustrongylides AND fish”; 61 scientific articles published in 2015-2020 were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria and subsequently reviewed. In the selected articles 101 species and 6 different genera were investigated. A total of 67 different species and one genus were found to be positive for Eustrongylides, with highly variable prevalence (0.13-100%). Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil, Italy, Iran, Turkey and in several Eastern Europe countries. Parasites were found both in the viscera and in the muscles. Parasite identification was achivied by morphological examination in most cases. The ten most investigated species (> 3 studies) were: Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpio, Esox lucius, Hoplias malabaricus, Micropterus salmoides, Oreochromis niloticus, Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus, Sander lucioperca e Silurus glanis. For these species, prevalence, geographical area, site of the parasite, method of analysis and identification were presented in detail. Regarding the experimental part, 3317 specimens of big-scale sand smelt, fished between August and October 2019 in the Massaciuccoli Lake, were examined by visual inspection, followed by artificial digestion. Overall, 75 nematodes were found both in the viscera and in the muscle (P: 2.3% 95% CI 1.8-2.8; MA: 0.02; MI: 1) and subsequently molecularly identified as E. excisus. The literature review shows that Eustrongylides spp. is present in a wide range of species and has a vast geographical distribution, with prevalence rates raising in some ares. The detection, also in Italy, of Eustrongylides spp. in freshwater species of commercial interest, like the big-scale sand smelt, requires further studies to elucidate the possible negative impact on seafood quality and the health risk for consumers. In this regard, a greater use of molecular methods to map the various species of Eustrongylides, both in animals and in human cases, would be particularly desirable.
In the last few years, raw fish dishes consumption increased, including freshwater fishes. If preventive measures are not correctly put in place, this could favor the transmission of parasitic zoonosis. Among the zoonotic parasites transmitted by consuming freshwater fish, there are the nematodes of the genus Eustrongylides, for which several fish species can act as second intermediate or paratenic hosts. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a literature review on the global occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. in fish species, as well as to investigate their presence in big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) from Lake Massaciuccoli (Tuscany, Italy). A bibliographic research was carried out on two scientific databases (Google Scholar and Pubmed) with the keywords “Eustrongylides AND fish”; 61 scientific articles published in 2015-2020 were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria and subsequently reviewed. In the selected articles 101 species and 6 different genera were investigated. A total of 67 different species and one genus were found to be positive for Eustrongylides, with highly variable prevalence (0.13-100%). Most of the studies were conducted in Brazil, Italy, Iran, Turkey and in several Eastern Europe countries. Parasites were found both in the viscera and in the muscles. Parasite identification was achivied by morphological examination in most cases. The ten most investigated species (> 3 studies) were: Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpio, Esox lucius, Hoplias malabaricus, Micropterus salmoides, Oreochromis niloticus, Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus, Sander lucioperca e Silurus glanis. For these species, prevalence, geographical area, site of the parasite, method of analysis and identification were presented in detail. Regarding the experimental part, 3317 specimens of big-scale sand smelt, fished between August and October 2019 in the Massaciuccoli Lake, were examined by visual inspection, followed by artificial digestion. Overall, 75 nematodes were found both in the viscera and in the muscle (P: 2.3% 95% CI 1.8-2.8; MA: 0.02; MI: 1) and subsequently molecularly identified as E. excisus. The literature review shows that Eustrongylides spp. is present in a wide range of species and has a vast geographical distribution, with prevalence rates raising in some ares. The detection, also in Italy, of Eustrongylides spp. in freshwater species of commercial interest, like the big-scale sand smelt, requires further studies to elucidate the possible negative impact on seafood quality and the health risk for consumers. In this regard, a greater use of molecular methods to map the various species of Eustrongylides, both in animals and in human cases, would be particularly desirable.
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