• Actuator Line Model
• Immersed Boundary Method
• LES
• wake models

In the last years, the trend in wind energy environment is to build wind farms, characterized by limited distances among wind turbines, which allow to supply large quantities of energy, reducing the space needed and electrical connections' costs derived. For this reason, it is important to study fluid dynamic interactions that occur between wind turbines in array configurations.
Nowadays, it is fundamental to find numerical tools, which allow to have a prediction on the behavior of the fluctuating flow behind the turbine in terms of its velocity deficit and of the oscillating forces on the blades, in order to estimate power production and fatigue phenomena. In the industry environment, the main used tools are called "wake models", which, thanks to simplifying hypotheses, can give results in short times and at low computational costs; however, they can be characterized by some inaccuracy.
In the present manuscript, one of the purpose is to tune one of these models, using as benchmark the solutions given by a more accurate methodology: Large-Eddy Simulation. This approach is computationally feasible for moderate Reynolds numbers and directly resolve the large scales of the turbulence, where the large amount of energy is present. In the recent years, different new modeling techniques are continuously proposed in this field, as the Immersed Boundary Method to reproduce the tower and the nacelle or actuator model to simulate the presence of the rotating blades, as the Rotating Actuator Disk Model and the Actuator Line Model. Another purpose of this work is to obtain the optimal set of the parameters of the Actuator Line Model to accurately simulate the presence of the real blades, replacing them with appropriate aerodynamic forces spread with a Gaussian kernel in the computational domain.