Tesi etd-01102022-153031 |
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Tipo di tesi
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Autore
ROSA, MAFALDA
URN
etd-01102022-153031
Titolo
Sviluppo di un dispositivo intelligente integrabile su strumentazione dVRK con funzionalita di sensing
Dipartimento
INGEGNERIA DELL'INFORMAZIONE
Corso di studi
INGEGNERIA BIOMEDICA
Relatori
relatore Menciassi, Arianna
relatore Tortora, Giuseppe Roberto
relatore Tortora, Giuseppe Roberto
Parole chiave
- da Vinci surgical system
- dVRK
- IoT
- robotic surgery
- sensing
Data inizio appello
11/02/2022
Consultabilità
Non consultabile
Data di rilascio
11/02/2092
Riassunto
Gli ultimi decenni hanno visto una crescita esponenziale nella tecnologia medica, in particolare per quanto riguarda l’applicazione della robotica alla chirurgia. La chirurgia robotica, ultima evoluzione della chirurgia mininvasiva, superando i limiti della chirurgia tradizionale, ha permesso l’ampliamento degli orizzonti terapeutici e rappresenta il gold standard per diverse applicazioni cliniche. La robotica è il centro della moderna ingegneria sanitaria. Il primo robot utilizzato in ambito clinico per ottenere biopsie neurochirurgiche è stato il robot Puma 560 nel 1985. Da allora, sono stati sviluppati robot chirurgici sempre più avanzati. Le attuali piattaforme robotiche sono progettate per incorporare funzionalità avanzate che permettono di aumentare la precisione rendendo più semplice e sicura l’esecuzione dei task operatori. Inoltre, i robot chirurgici hanno mantenuto la capacità di eseguire le operazioni chirurgiche attraverso incisioni più piccole. Queste caratteristiche mirano a migliorare i risultati rispetto a quelli ottenibili attraverso i metodi chirurgici tradizionali. L'adozione e la diffusione della chirurgia robotica mostra un trend positivo in alcune aree geografiche, in particolar modo nei paesi con economie avanzate. Ciò è mostrato dalla grande diffusione che ha il da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA), in una moltitudine di aree di applicazione, in particolare per procedure urologiche e ginecologiche. Tra i vantaggi introdotti dalla chirurgia robot-assistita c’è la riduzione del traumatismo tissutale grazie alle piccole incisioni, il minore sanguinamento e quindi una minore necessità di trasfusioni, la riduzione della degenza e del dolore post-operatorio, la riduzione dei tempi di recupero e quindi una più rapida ripresa nello svolgimento delle attività quotidiane, una maggiore facilità nell'esecuzione dei task chirurgici complessi che comporta maggiore sicurezza per il paziente. Gli svantaggi, invece, che presenta la chirurgia robotica sono legati principalmente al costo del sistema sia iniziale per il robot e la strumentazione sia per il sostenimento del sistema stesso e al fatto che, per poter manovrare il robot, occorrono competenze molto elevate da parte del chirurgo e del personale di sala, da acquisire attraverso una specifica formazione. Inoltre, un aspetto su cui molti studi si stanno concentrando è la mancanza di feedback tattile. A tal proposito con questo lavoro di tesi si intende presentare lo sviluppo e la realizzazione di un dispositivo dotato di un sistema di sensing, da integrare agli strumenti del robot chirurgico da Vinci. Tale dispositivo grazie ai sensori integrati restituirà al chirurgo feedback di prossimità e colorimetrici, in particolare, per permettere l’individuazione di aree specifiche con caratteristiche non proprie del tessuto fisiologico. Tale dispositivo è stato progettato e validato in sinergia con la piattaforma di ricerca Da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) ai fini di un’integrazione meccanica con gli strumenti EndoWrist del da Vinci Surgical System con l’obiettivo di interconnetterli in modo da permettere lo scambio delle informazioni possedute, raccolte e/o elaborate attraverso una connessione di tipo BLE (Bluethooth Low Energy). La fase di testing è stata eseguita con l’ausilio del robot industriale MELFA BFP A8408 al cui end effector è stata collegata la scheda elettronica Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense con l’unità APDS-9960 che permette il rilevamento della prossimità, della luce ambientale e dei colori per la caratterizzazione dei vari tessuti presi in esame.
ENGLISH:
The last few decades have seen an exponential growth in medical technology, especially as regards the application of robotics to surgery. Robotic surgery, the latest evolution of minimally invasive surgery, overcoming the limits of traditional surgery, has allowed the broadening of therapeutic horizons and represents the gold standard for various clinical applications. Robotics is the center of modern health engineering. The first robot used in the clinical setting to obtain neurosurgical biopsies was the Puma 560 robot in 1985. Since then, more and more advanced surgical robots have been developed. Current robotic platforms are designed to incorporate advanced features that allow for increased accuracy by making the execution of operator tasks easier and safer. Additionally, surgical robots retained the ability to perform surgical operations through smaller incisions. These characteristics aim to improve the results compared to those obtainable through traditional surgical methods. The adoption and diffusion of robotic surgery shows a positive trend in some geographical areas, especially in countries with advanced economies. This is shown by the widespread use of the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA), in a multitude of application areas, in particular for urological and gynecological procedures. Among the advantages introduced by robot-assisted surgery is the reduction of tissue trauma thanks to small incisions, less bleeding and therefore less need for transfusions, reduction of hospital stay and post-operative pain, reduction of recovery times and therefore a faster recovery in carrying out daily activities, greater ease in the execution of complex surgical tasks which entails greater safety for the patient. The disadvantages, on the other hand, of robotic surgery are mainly linked to the cost of the system both initial for the robot and the instrumentation and for the support of the system itself and to the fact that, in order to operate the robot, very high skills are required on the part of the surgeon and room staff, to be acquired through specific training. Also, one aspect that many studies are focusing on is the lack of tactile feedback. In this regard, this thesis work intends to present the development and construction of a device equipped with a sensing system, to be integrated with the instruments of the da Vinci surgical robot. Thanks to the integrated sensors, this device will return proximity and colorimetric feedback to the surgeon, in particular, to allow the identification of specific areas with characteristics not typical of physiological tissue. This device was designed and validated in synergy with the Da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) research platform for the purpose of mechanical integration with the EndoWrist instruments of the da Vinci Surgical System with the aim of interconnecting them in order to allow the exchange of information owned, collected and / or processed through a BLE (Bluethooth Low Energy) connection. The testing phase was performed with the aid of the industrial robot MELFA BFP A8408 to whose end effector the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense electronic board was connected with the APDS-9960 unit which allows the detection of proximity, ambient light and of the colors for the characterization of the various fabrics examined.
ENGLISH:
The last few decades have seen an exponential growth in medical technology, especially as regards the application of robotics to surgery. Robotic surgery, the latest evolution of minimally invasive surgery, overcoming the limits of traditional surgery, has allowed the broadening of therapeutic horizons and represents the gold standard for various clinical applications. Robotics is the center of modern health engineering. The first robot used in the clinical setting to obtain neurosurgical biopsies was the Puma 560 robot in 1985. Since then, more and more advanced surgical robots have been developed. Current robotic platforms are designed to incorporate advanced features that allow for increased accuracy by making the execution of operator tasks easier and safer. Additionally, surgical robots retained the ability to perform surgical operations through smaller incisions. These characteristics aim to improve the results compared to those obtainable through traditional surgical methods. The adoption and diffusion of robotic surgery shows a positive trend in some geographical areas, especially in countries with advanced economies. This is shown by the widespread use of the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, California, USA), in a multitude of application areas, in particular for urological and gynecological procedures. Among the advantages introduced by robot-assisted surgery is the reduction of tissue trauma thanks to small incisions, less bleeding and therefore less need for transfusions, reduction of hospital stay and post-operative pain, reduction of recovery times and therefore a faster recovery in carrying out daily activities, greater ease in the execution of complex surgical tasks which entails greater safety for the patient. The disadvantages, on the other hand, of robotic surgery are mainly linked to the cost of the system both initial for the robot and the instrumentation and for the support of the system itself and to the fact that, in order to operate the robot, very high skills are required on the part of the surgeon and room staff, to be acquired through specific training. Also, one aspect that many studies are focusing on is the lack of tactile feedback. In this regard, this thesis work intends to present the development and construction of a device equipped with a sensing system, to be integrated with the instruments of the da Vinci surgical robot. Thanks to the integrated sensors, this device will return proximity and colorimetric feedback to the surgeon, in particular, to allow the identification of specific areas with characteristics not typical of physiological tissue. This device was designed and validated in synergy with the Da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) research platform for the purpose of mechanical integration with the EndoWrist instruments of the da Vinci Surgical System with the aim of interconnecting them in order to allow the exchange of information owned, collected and / or processed through a BLE (Bluethooth Low Energy) connection. The testing phase was performed with the aid of the industrial robot MELFA BFP A8408 to whose end effector the Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense electronic board was connected with the APDS-9960 unit which allows the detection of proximity, ambient light and of the colors for the characterization of the various fabrics examined.
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