Thesis etd-12282017-120345 |
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Thesis type
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Author
MATTONAI, PIETRO
URN
etd-12282017-120345
Thesis title
"Apertura a sinistra": cambiamenti della politica estera italiana tra Guerra fredda e distensione (1943-1968)
Department
SCIENZE POLITICHE
Course of study
STUDI INTERNAZIONALI
Supervisors
relatore Prof.ssa Neri Gualdesi, Marinella
Keywords
- Aldo Moro
- Amintore Fanfani
- geopolitica
- geopolitics
- Giovanni Gronchi
- Medio Oriente
- Mediterranean sea
- Mediterraneo
- Middle East
- Terzo Mondo
- Third World
Graduation session start date
29/01/2018
Availability
Withheld
Release date
29/01/2088
Summary
La politica estera italiana, tra il 1943 e il 1968, si è sviluppata all’interno del caratteristico schema bipolare della Guerra fredda. Fino alla metà degli anni Cinquanta, la necessità del governo italiano di recuperare al paese uno status paritario alle altre potenze europee dopo la sconfitta nella Seconda guerra mondiale ha orientato la politica estera verso l’adesione alle principali organizzazioni internazionali dell’Occidente, in primis l’Alleanza atlantica e la Comunità Economica Europea. Contestualmente al graduale mutamento dello scenario internazionale, con una sempre più marcata distensione tra Stati Uniti e Unione Sovietica, l’Italia ha inizialmente condotto una politica estera più autonoma ma comunque in parallelo a Washington, coniando il concetto di “neoatlantismo”. Quindi, nel momento in cui la distensione ha vieppiù assunto i tratti di una progressiva riduzione a dialogo esclusivo tra superpotenze, prevalentemente concentrato sulla gestione e sull’utilizzo dell’arsenale nucleare, il governo italiano ha cercato, mantenendo la fedeltà atlantica, di estendere il concetto di distensione in senso geografico e contenutistico. Per fare ciò, l’Italia ha spesso tentato di stabilire uno schema di cooperazione, dialogo e interdipendenza tra tutti i paesi del mondo, con particolare riferimento ai paesi di nuova indipendenza, volendo dare alla distensione una logica pluralistica, anziché meramente bipolare.
Italian foreign policy, between 1943 and 1968, developed within the characteristic bipolar scheme of the Cold War. Until the mid-fifties, the necessity for the Italian government to regain for the country an equal status with the other European powers after the defeat in the Second World War has oriented foreign policy towards the adhesion to the main international organizations of the western bloc, first and foremost Atlantic Alliance and the European Economic Community. Simultaneously with the gradual change in the international scenario, with an increasingly loosening of the bipolar confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, Italy initially conducted a more autonomous foreign policy, but in parallel with Washington’s one, coining the concept of "neo-atlantismo". So, when the distension has gradually taken on the features of a progressive reduction to an exclusive dialogue only between superpowers, mainly concentrated on the management and use of the nuclear energy, the Italian government has sought, while maintaining the Atlantic loyalty, to extend the concept of distension in a geographical and of content sense. To do so, Italy has often attempted to establish a pattern of cooperation, dialogue and interdependence among all the countries of the world, with particular reference to the newly independent States, with the purpose to give the distension a pluralistic rather than merely bipolar logic.
Italian foreign policy, between 1943 and 1968, developed within the characteristic bipolar scheme of the Cold War. Until the mid-fifties, the necessity for the Italian government to regain for the country an equal status with the other European powers after the defeat in the Second World War has oriented foreign policy towards the adhesion to the main international organizations of the western bloc, first and foremost Atlantic Alliance and the European Economic Community. Simultaneously with the gradual change in the international scenario, with an increasingly loosening of the bipolar confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, Italy initially conducted a more autonomous foreign policy, but in parallel with Washington’s one, coining the concept of "neo-atlantismo". So, when the distension has gradually taken on the features of a progressive reduction to an exclusive dialogue only between superpowers, mainly concentrated on the management and use of the nuclear energy, the Italian government has sought, while maintaining the Atlantic loyalty, to extend the concept of distension in a geographical and of content sense. To do so, Italy has often attempted to establish a pattern of cooperation, dialogue and interdependence among all the countries of the world, with particular reference to the newly independent States, with the purpose to give the distension a pluralistic rather than merely bipolar logic.
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