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Digital archive of theses discussed at the University of Pisa

 

Thesis etd-09112015-163850


Thesis type
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Author
MACCHIONI GIAQUINTO, ANNARITA
URN
etd-09112015-163850
Thesis title
Gender inequalities along the process of development
Department
ECONOMIA E MANAGEMENT
Course of study
ECONOMICS
Supervisors
relatore Prof. Dosi, Giovanni
relatore Prof. D'Alessandro, Simone
Keywords
  • development
  • Female human capital
  • Female labour force
  • Gender inequality
  • inequality
  • panel data analysis
Graduation session start date
05/10/2015
Availability
Withheld
Release date
05/10/2085
Summary
The final purpose of this thesis is to try to detect how Gender inequality involves with development: in order to conduct our analysis we focused on economics, geographic, institutional, cultural and religious factors.
Gender inequality is a broader concept involving labor market, empowerment, and reproductive health.We will try to take this broader view and then, looking to the problem from different prospectives, we consider every factor that may be involved in the process of determination of inequalities between men and women along the process of development.

With an endogenous development approach, which distinguishes between economic growth (changes in economic variables) and development (that means the qualitative transformation of the economy and society), in a gender prospective, we try to detect at the empirical level which forces challenge and those facilitate greater equality.

The econometric estimation follows with two different parts: the first one, more comprehensive, uses gender inequality index (GII) as a measure of gender inequality.
That index is a measure of inequality developed by the United Nations and based on three dimensions of gender inequality: labor market, empowerment (that is education and women share of parliamentary seat) and reproductive health. It ranges from 0 (no inequality) to 1 (complete inequality).
In the second part of the econometric analysis, I split the index in its three different dimensions, which compose the GII, that is: Female enrollment in secondary education, Woman share of parliament seats and Female labour force participation. We reserved a particular focus on the two dimensions of Female work participation and Empowerment (which is composed exactly by the educational index and by political representation one) and, as a consequence, I obtained three different indexes as dependent variables.

The following study contributes in different ways to the existing ones.
It addresses the main research question of investigating how gender inequality are shaped along the process of development, connecting the different theories about the influence of several factors on gender inequality and implementing them though empirical stylized evidence thanks to a more comprehensive measure of inequality in female life, which involves the different dimension of the human life.

We test, then, if empirical regularities exist in the influence of religions and natural resources on gender conditions on a broader context. We test also if Female Human Capital, Labour and Political presents correlation with the analyzed factors.

We conclude our work with interesting, albeit by no means exhaustive stylized evidence. However, our major result is that gender equality does not seem to follow automatically from development, but there is the need to adopt active gendered policies.


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