• Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Inappropriate use of PPI
• side effects

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a largely prescribed class of medications used to decrease gastric acidity via the inhibition of the parietal cell H+/K+-ATP ase pump and their use has significantly increased over the last few decades.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved this drug class for the treatment of a variety of gastric acid-related conditions, including gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), Helicobacter pylori eradication and pathological hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.
However, PPIs are often improperly prescribed, such as administered for inappropriate indications or at higher dosages than guidelines recommendations. Since they have been on the market, numerous post-marketing studies have been published demonstrating that prolonged PPI therapy is linked to the emergence of adverse effects with variable severity, particularly in older adults. Based on these studies, most of them were case-control, cohort studies, and meta-analyses, PPIs have been associated with an increased risk of presenting a numb of adverse effects including osteoporotic-related fractures, Clostridium difficile infection, community-acquired pneumonia, vitamin B12 deficiency, kidney disease and dementia.