Thesis etd-04072024-121621 |
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Thesis type
Tesi di laurea magistrale
Author
BERTINI, DAVID
URN
etd-04072024-121621
Thesis title
Utilizzo di un sensore ad induzione elettromagnetica per la zonazione di sistemi colturali sparsi
Department
SCIENZE AGRARIE, ALIMENTARI E AGRO-AMBIENTALI
Course of study
PRODUZIONI AGROALIMENTARI E GESTIONE DEGLI AGROECOSISTEMI
Supervisors
relatore Prof. Rallo, Giovanni
correlatore Prof. Antichi, Daniele
correlatore Prof. Antichi, Daniele
Keywords
- azonazione
- cr1000
- em38
- hydraulics
- idraulica agraria
- raspberry pi
- sensoristica idraulica
- sensors hydraulics
- zoning
Graduation session start date
20/05/2024
Availability
Withheld
Release date
20/05/2094
Summary
Nel capitolo 1 vengono descritti gli obiettivi della tesi, che sono stati la valutazione dell’efficacia dei sensori EM38 della Geonics sulla zonazione in sistemi colturali sparsi ed il confronto di due diversi metodi di zonazione con i sensori dell’EM38 utilizzando due metodi di geo-referenziazione ed acquisizione dati (Campbell CR1000 vs Garmin RASPBERRY PI) per approfondire il protocollo di monitoraggio per la zonazione di variabili proxy come la conducibilità elettrica apparente del suolo e l’efficacia dei sistemi di geo-referenziazione per il calcolo della variabilità proxy. Nel capitolo 2 vengono descritti tutte le proxy e l’analisi dei dati tramite geostatica, oltre a conoscenze teoriche di geostatistica ed il suo utilizzo nel software QGIS. Nel capitolo 3 nella prima parte si accenna alla teoria elettromagnetica del suolo con varie equazioni fisiche; nella seconda parte si descrivono le principali tecniche di monitoraggio del contenuto idrico mediante la tecnica EMI, mentre nella terza parte vengono descritte le caratteristiche dei metodi di acquisizione dati (DAQ-CS-RPBI). Nel capitolo 4 si introducono i materiali e le metodologie dell’elaborato, che sono state prima create nel laboratorio AGRHYSMO, per la progettazione del sistema denominato DAQ da abbinare all’EM38; poi con una prova sperimentale per la validazione del sistema DAQ-CS-RPBI, effettuata all’interno dell’università per con due diversi sistemi di acquisizione dati (CR 1000 vs RASPBERRT PI). Successivamente, vengono descritte le metodologie per lo sviluppo di sistemi di monitoraggio e di gestione dello stato idrico del continuum suolo-pianta-atmosfera che sono state applicate presso l’azienda Illuminati Frutta situata a Pieve al Toppio (AR), dove sono state analizzate le variabili legate all’agro-meteorologia, con l’installazione di una stazione meteo; l’andamento climatico dal 2019 al 2022 dell’impianto con l’analisi sull’evapo-traspirazione giornaliera e di conseguenza per l’acquisizione dei suoi valori, le precipitazioni totali giornalieri, la temperatura media giornaliera, la velocità del vento giornaliera e le radiazioni solari giornaliere; gli indici fogliari per la valutazione dell’andamento mensile delle varie cultivar di Pyrus Communis (in particolare l’NDVI) e l’utilizzo dell’ EM38 per la variabile legata alla conducibilità elettrica del suolo con l’utilizzo due diversi sistemi di geo-referenziazione ed acquisizione dei dati (CR1000 vs RASPBERRY PI). Nel capitolo 5 infine vengono descritti i risultati osservati sotto forma di grafici, tabelle (mediante il software microsoft excel) e di fotografie dell’impianto sull’NDVI e fotografie sulla conducibilità elettrica del suolo, ottenute con l’uso di satelliti, droni e con il sistema DAQ abbinato all’EM38 (mediante l’utilizzo di software di elaborazione interno all’EM-38, microsoft excel e QGIS). I dati ottenuti sono stati utilizzati dall’azienda Illuminati Frutta per la gestione ed il monitoraggio della risorsa idrica presente nell’impianto ed il sistema all’interno dell’azienda potrà in futuro essere utilizzato come piattaforma da cui poter estrarre dati per la calibrazione e la validazione dei servizi regionali per il supporto all’irrigazione aziendale. Infine, in virtù della capacità dei modelli di restituire tutti i termini del bilancio idrologico, sarà possibile disporre di uno strumento di analisi per la quantificazione dell’impronta idrica. In ambito accademico i risultati dell’elaborato sono stati utilizzati come papers e seminari per la ricerca scientifica nel settore dell’idraulica agraria.
In chapter 1 the objectives of the thesis are described, which were the evaluation of the efficacy of Geonics' EM38 sensors on zoning in sparse cropping systems and the comparison of two different zonation methods with EM38 sensors using two geo-referencing and data acquisition methods (Campbell CR1000 vs Garmin RASPBERRY PI) to deepen the monitoring protocol for the zonation of proxy variables such as the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil and the effectiveness of geo-referencing systems for the calculation of proxy variability. Chapter 2 describes all proxies and data analysis using geostatics, as well as theoretical knowledge of geostatistics and its use in QGIS software. In chapter 3, in the first part, the electromagnetic theory of soil is mentioned with various physical equations; the second part describes the main techniques for monitoring water content using the EMI technique, while the third part describes the characteristics of the data acquisition methods (DAQ-CS-RPBI). Chapter 4 introduces the materials and methodologies of the project, which were first created in the AGRHYSMO laboratory, for the design of the system called DAQ to be combined with the EM38; then with an experimental test for the validation of the DAQ-CS-RPBI system, carried out within the university for two different data acquisition systems (CR 1000 vs RASPBERRT PI). Subsequently, the methodologies for the development of monitoring and management systems of the water status of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are described, which have been applied at the Illuminati Frutta company located in Pieve al Toppio (AR), where the variables related to agro-meteorology have been analyzed, with the installation of a weather station; the climatic trend from 2019 to 2022 of the plant with the analysis of daily evapo-transpiration and consequently for the acquisition of its values, the total daily precipitation, the average daily temperature, the daily wind speed and the daily solar radiation; the leaf indices for the evaluation of the monthly trend of the various cultivars of Pyrus Communis (in particular the NDVI) and the use of EM38 for the variable related to the electrical conductivity of the soil with the use of two different geo-referencing and data acquisition systems (CR1000 vs RASPBERRY PI). Finally, chapter 5 describes the results observed in the form of graphs, tables (using Microsoft Excel software) and photographs of the plant on the NDVI and photographs on the electrical conductivity of the soil, obtained with the use of satellites, drones and with the DAQ system combined with the EM38 (through the use of internal processing software of the EM-38, Microsoft Excel and QGIS). The data obtained were used by the company Illuminati Frutta for the management and monitoring of the water resource present in the plant and the system within the company can in the future be used as a platform from which to extract data for the calibration and validation of regional services for the support of company irrigation. Finally, by virtue of the ability of the models to return all the terms of the hydrological balance, it will be possible to have an analysis tool for the quantification of the water footprint. In the academic field, the results of the paper have been used as papers and seminars for scientific research in the field of agricultural hydraulics.
In chapter 1 the objectives of the thesis are described, which were the evaluation of the efficacy of Geonics' EM38 sensors on zoning in sparse cropping systems and the comparison of two different zonation methods with EM38 sensors using two geo-referencing and data acquisition methods (Campbell CR1000 vs Garmin RASPBERRY PI) to deepen the monitoring protocol for the zonation of proxy variables such as the apparent electrical conductivity of the soil and the effectiveness of geo-referencing systems for the calculation of proxy variability. Chapter 2 describes all proxies and data analysis using geostatics, as well as theoretical knowledge of geostatistics and its use in QGIS software. In chapter 3, in the first part, the electromagnetic theory of soil is mentioned with various physical equations; the second part describes the main techniques for monitoring water content using the EMI technique, while the third part describes the characteristics of the data acquisition methods (DAQ-CS-RPBI). Chapter 4 introduces the materials and methodologies of the project, which were first created in the AGRHYSMO laboratory, for the design of the system called DAQ to be combined with the EM38; then with an experimental test for the validation of the DAQ-CS-RPBI system, carried out within the university for two different data acquisition systems (CR 1000 vs RASPBERRT PI). Subsequently, the methodologies for the development of monitoring and management systems of the water status of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum are described, which have been applied at the Illuminati Frutta company located in Pieve al Toppio (AR), where the variables related to agro-meteorology have been analyzed, with the installation of a weather station; the climatic trend from 2019 to 2022 of the plant with the analysis of daily evapo-transpiration and consequently for the acquisition of its values, the total daily precipitation, the average daily temperature, the daily wind speed and the daily solar radiation; the leaf indices for the evaluation of the monthly trend of the various cultivars of Pyrus Communis (in particular the NDVI) and the use of EM38 for the variable related to the electrical conductivity of the soil with the use of two different geo-referencing and data acquisition systems (CR1000 vs RASPBERRY PI). Finally, chapter 5 describes the results observed in the form of graphs, tables (using Microsoft Excel software) and photographs of the plant on the NDVI and photographs on the electrical conductivity of the soil, obtained with the use of satellites, drones and with the DAQ system combined with the EM38 (through the use of internal processing software of the EM-38, Microsoft Excel and QGIS). The data obtained were used by the company Illuminati Frutta for the management and monitoring of the water resource present in the plant and the system within the company can in the future be used as a platform from which to extract data for the calibration and validation of regional services for the support of company irrigation. Finally, by virtue of the ability of the models to return all the terms of the hydrological balance, it will be possible to have an analysis tool for the quantification of the water footprint. In the academic field, the results of the paper have been used as papers and seminars for scientific research in the field of agricultural hydraulics.
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