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The aim of this thesis is the study of public expenditure efficiency of Tuscan municipalities, with particular attention on the effect of the municipal size. The interest in this topic is undoubtedly linked to its highly topical feature: in a so difficult period of crisis, the national legislator has enacted laws on the public spending containment that has also modified the structure of local governments. As a consequence, the Tuscan regional legislator has enacted measures to increase efficiency and to reduce costs and these measures regard also the municipalities, in particular their size. In a context of increasingly limited resources, the study of efficiency in the public expenditure municipalities is worthy of investigation. In particular, in the scientific literature there is a more and more attention to this issue: even if there are different approaches to face this topic, the most common way to do an efficiency analysis is through the estimation of the Efficiency Frontier. In this field there are two alternative techniques: parametric and non-parametric techniques. In this thesis, DEA approach is used, since it’s suitable to an efficiency analysis of the public sector: in fact, DEA avoids assuming specific functional forms of the production frontier, gives intuitive ideas to correct the found inefficiencies and its results can be explained by econometric analysis (in particular, by Tobit regression). In addition, Tobit regression is used to explain municipal inefficiencies.